Popular spreadsheet programs use the CSV file format (which stands for Comma Separated Values) to export worksheet data in plain text. Each line in the file represents one row of the worksheet, with values in each column separated by commas.

PHP’s filesystem function library provides two functions – fgetcsv() and fputcsv() – respectively to read data from a CSV file into an array and put the array elements in a CSV file.

The fgetcsv() Function

The getcsv() function reads the line from the file pointer, and parses it into CSV fields.

fgetcsv(
   resource $stream,
   ?int $length = null,
   string $separator = ",",
   string $enclosure = """,
   string $escape = "\"
): array|false

The $stream parameter is a handle to the file resource, opened in read mode. The default separator symbol to parse the fields is comma, you can specify any other symbol if required.

The fgetcsv() function returns an indexed array containing the fields. If the function encounters any error, it returns false.

To demonstrate the use of fgetcsv() function, store the following text as “hello.txt” in the current working directory.

Name, Email, Post, Salary
Ravishankar, [email protected], Manager, 40000
Kavita, [email protected], Assistant, 25000
Nandkumar, [email protected], Programmer, 30000

Example

The following PHP code reads the CSV data from this file, and returns an array. The fields in the array are then rendered in a HTML table −

<?php
   $filename = ''hello.csv'';
   $data = [];

   // open the file
   $f = fopen($filename, ''r'');

   if ($f === false) {
      die(''Cannot open the file '' . $filename);
   }

   // read each line in CSV file at a time
   while (($row = fgetcsv($f)) !== false) {
      $data[] = $row;
   }

   // close the file
   fclose($f);
   echo "<table border=1>";
   foreach ($data as $row) {
      echo "<tr>";
      foreach($row as $val) {
         echo "<td>$val</td>"; 
      }
      echo "</tr>";
   }
   echo "</table>";
?>

It will produce the following output −

The fputcsv() Function

Te fputcsv() function puts an indexed array with its elements separated by commas, at the current file pointer position of a CSV file.

fputcsv(
   resource $stream,
   array $fields,
   string $separator = ",",
   string $enclosure = """,
   string $escape = "\",
   string $eol = "n"
): int|false

The target file must be opened in write mode. The second mandatory parameter is an array consisting of comma separated fields. As in case of fgetcsv() function, the default separator is comma.

Example

In the following code, a two dimensional array of comma separated values is written into a CSV file.

<?php
   $data = [
      ["Name", "Email", "Post", "Salary"],
      ["Ravishankar", "[email protected]", "Manager", "40000"],
      ["Kavita", "[email protected]", "Assistant", "25000"],
      ["Nandkumar", "[email protected]", "Programmer", "30000"],
   ];
   $filename = ''employee.csv'';

   // open csv file for writing
   $f = fopen($filename, ''w'');

   if ($f === false) {
      die(''Error opening the file '' . $filename);
   }

   // write each row at a time to a file
   foreach ($data as $row) {
      fputcsv($f, $row);
   }

   // close the file
   fclose($f);
?>

The “employee.csv” file should be created in the current working directory, after the above program is executed.