PHP – Anonymous Classes


PHP – Anonymous Classes



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The release of version 7.0 is an important milestone in the evolution of PHP language, when a lot of new features were introduced. The feature of Anonymous class was also made available in PHP version 7.0.

As the term “anonymous” suggests, it is a class without a (programmer declared) name. The usual practice is to define a class with a certain identifier, so that it can be used repeatedly. The anonymous class, on the other hand is for one-time use only.


$obj = new class() {
   /* class body */
};

Apart from this class not having a name, it is similar to a normal named class, in the sense it can contain properties and methods. Its functionality is no different from that of an object of a named class.

An anonymous class might be used over a named class especially when the class does not need to be documented, and when the class is used only once during execution. Anonymous classes are useful when simple, one-off objects need to be created.

Example

In the following code, an anonymous class is instantiated and stored in $obj object. The class includes definitions of addition() and division() methods, which are called with the $obj object.


<?php
   $obj = new class(10) {
      private int $x;
      function __construct($x) {
         $this->x = $x;
      }

      public function addition($x) {
         return $this->x+$x;
      }
      public function division($x) {
         return $this->x/$x;
      }
   };

   echo "Addition: " . $obj->addition(20) . PHP_EOL;
   echo "Division: " . $obj->division(20) . PHP_EOL;
?>

It will produce the following output


Addition: 30
Division: 0.5

Anonymous Class as a Child Class

An anonymous class can do everything that a normal class can. It can extends another class, implement an interface or even use a trait.

Example

In the example below, the anonymous class is a child class, extending a parent already available.


<?php
   class myclass {
      public function hello() {
         echo "Hello World!" . PHP_EOL;
      }
   }
   $obj = new class("Neena") extends myclass {
      private string $nm;
      function __construct($x) {
         $this->nm = $x;
      }
      public function greeting() {
         parent::hello();
         echo "Welcome " . $this->nm . PHP_EOL;
      }
   };
   $obj->greeting();
?>

It will produce the following output


Hello World!
Welcome Neena

Example

Although the anonymous class doesn’t have any user defined name, PHP does assign it an internal name, which can be obtained with the built-in get_class() function as follows −


<?php
   $obj = new class() {
      function greeting() {
         echo "Hello World" . PHP_EOL;
      }
   };
   $obj->greeting();
   echo "Name of class: " . get_class($obj);
?>

It will produce the following output


Hello World
Name of class: class@anonymousC:xampphtdocshello.php:2$0

PHP parser assigns the internal name randomly.

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