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The math object provides you properties and methods for mathematical constants and functions. Unlike other global objects, Math is not a constructor. All the properties and methods of Math are static and can be called by using Math as an object without creating it.
Math Properties
Following is a list of all Math properties and its description.
| Sr.No | Property & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | E
Euler”s constant and the base of natural logarithms, approximately 2.718
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| 2 | LN2
Natural logarithm of 2, approximately 0.693
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| 3 | LN10
Natural logarithm of 10, approximately 2.302
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| 4 |
LOG2E Base 2 logarithm of E, approximately 1.442
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| 5 |
LOG10E Base 10 logarithm of E, approximately 0.434
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| 6 |
PI Ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, approximately 3.14159
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| 7 |
SQRT1_2 Square root of 1/2; equivalently, 1 over the square root of 2, approximately 0.707
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| 8 |
SQRT2 Square root of 2, approximately 1.414
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Exponential Functions
The basic exponential function is Math.pow(), and there are convenience functions for square root, cube root, and powers of e, as shown in the following table.
| Sr.No | Function & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 |
Math.pow(x, y) Returns x raised to the power y
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| 2 |
Math.sqrt(x) Returns the square root of the number x
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| 3 |
Math.cbrt(x) This method returns the cube root of a number x
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| 4 |
Math.exp(x) Equivalent to Math.pow(Math.E, x)
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| 5 |
Math.expm1(x) Equivalent to Math.exp(x) – 1
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| 6 |
Math.hypot(x1, x2,…) Returns the square root of the sum of arguments
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Logarithmic Functions
The basic natural logarithm function is Math.log (). In JavaScript, “log” means “natural logarithm.” ES6 introduced Math.log10 for convenience.
| Sr.No | Function & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 |
Math.log(x) Natural logarithm of x
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| 2 |
Math.log10(x) Base 10 logarithm of x
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| 3 |
Math.log2(x) Base 2 logarithm of x
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| 4 |
Math.log1p(x) Natural logarithm of 1 + x
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Miscellaneous Algebraic Functions
Following is a list of miscellaneous algebraic functions with their description.
| Sr.No | Function & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 |
Math.abs(x) Absolute value of x
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| 2 |
Math.sign(x) The sign of x: if x is negative,–1; if x is positive, 1; and if x is 0, 0
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| 3 |
Math.ceil(x) The ceiling of x: the smallest integer greater than or equal to x
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| 4 |
Math.floor(x) The floor of x: the largest integer less than or equal to x
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| 5 |
Math.trunc(x) The integral part of x (all fractional digits are removed)
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| 6 |
Math.round(x) x rounded to the nearest integer
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| 7 |
Math.min(x1, x2,…) Returns the minimum argument
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| 8 |
Math.max((x1, x2,…) Returns the minimum argument
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Trigonometric Functions
All trigonometric functions in the Math library operate on radians, not degrees.
| Sr.No | Function & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 |
Math.sin(x) Sine of x radians
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| 2 |
Math.cos(x) Cosine of x radians
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| 3 |
Math.tan(x) Tangent of x radians
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| 4 |
Math.asin(x) Inverse sine (arcsin) of x (result in radians)
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| 5 |
Math.acos(x) Inverse cosine (arccos) of x (result in radians)
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| 6 |
Math.atan(x) Inverse tangent (arctan) of x (result in radians)
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| 7 |
Math.atan2(y, x0) Counterclockwise angle (in radians) from the x-axis to the point (x, y)
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Math.random()
The Math.random() function returns a pseudorandom number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
Example: Pseudorandom Number Generation (PRNG)
var value1 = Math.random();
console.log("First Test Value : " + value1 );
var value2 = Math.random();
console.log("Second Test Value : " + value2 );
var value3 = Math.random();
console.log("Third Test Value : " + value3 );
var value4 = Math.random();
console.log("Fourth Test Value : " + value4 );
Output
First Test Value : 0.5782922627404332 Second Test Value : 0.5624510529451072 Third Test Value : 0.9336334094405174 Fourth Test Value : 0.4002739654388279
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