PhantomJS – Overview

PhantomJS is said to be a headless browser because there is no involvement of browser while executing the JavaScript code. The execution will not be seen in the browser display, but on the command line prompt. The functionalities like CSS Handling, DOM Manipulation, JSON, Ajax, Canvas, SVG, etc., will all be taken care at the command prompt. PhantomJS does not have a GUI and hence, all its execution takes place at the command line.

Using PhantomJS, we can write to a file, read the contents of the file or upload a file, take an screen capture, convert the webpage into a pdf and lots more. With headless browsers, you get all the browser behavior i.e. Cookies, Http Request Methods i.e. GET /POST, Clearing Cookies, Deleting Cookies, etc., Reloading of Page, Navigating to a Different Page.

PhantomJS uses WebKit that has a similar browsing environment like the famous browsers – Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, etc. It also provides a lot of JavaScript API, which helps in taking screenshots, uploading of file, writing to file, reading a file, interacting with the web pages, etc.

PhantomJS does not support Flash or Video, as it requires plugins and it is difficult to support the same on the command line.

Features of PhantomJS

Let us now understand the features that PhantomJS offers.

Page Automation

PhantomJS allows you to read the page contents with the help of its API. It can help to manipulate the DOM, use external libraries to carry out the task required.

Screen Capture

PhantomJS helps in taking a screen capture of a page specified and save the same as an image in various formats like PNG, JPEG, PDF, and GIF. With the help of the screen capture, it can easily help to make sure the web content is fine.

PhantomJS offers properties and methods with the help of which it allows developers to adjust the size of the screenshots and specify the area they want to capture.

Headless Testing

PhantomJS helps testing of UI at the command line. While, with the help of a screenshot, it can easily help to find errors in the UI. PhantomJS sometimes cannot help with testing alone. However, it can be wrapped along with other testing libraries like Mocha, Yoeman, etc. You can take the help of PhantomJS to upload a file and submit the form.

PhantomJS can be used to test logins across the sites and make sure the security is not compromised. PhantomJS can be used along with other tools like CasperJS, Mocha, Qunit to make the testing more powerful.

Network Monitoring

One of the important features of PhantomJS is its usage to monitor the network connection using the API available. PhantomJS permits the inspection of network traffic; it is suitable to build various analysis on the network behavior and performance.

PhantomJS can be used to collect the data about the performance of the webpage in a live environment. PhantomJS can be used with tools like Yslow to gather performance metrics of any websites.

PhantomJS – Environment Setup

PhantomJS is a free software and is distributed under the BSD License. It is easy to install and it offers multiple features to execute the scripts. PhantomJS can be easily run on multiple platforms such as Windows, Linux, and Mac.

For downloading PhantomJS, you can go to – http://phantomjs.org/ and then click on the download option.

For Windows

The download page shows you the options for download for different OS. Download the zip file, unpack it and you will get an executable phantom.exe. Set the PATH environment variable to the path of phantom.exe file. Open a new command prompt and type phantomjs –v. It should give you the current version of PhantomJS that is running.

For MAC OS X

Download the PhantomJS zip file meant for MAC OS and extract the content. Once the content is downloaded, move the PhantomJS to – /usr/local/bin/. Execute PhantomJS command i.e. phantomjs –v at the terminal and it should give you the version description of PhantomJS.

Linux 64 bit

Download the PhantomJS zip file meant for Linux 64 bit and extract the content. Once the content is downloaded, move PhantomJS folder to /usr/local/share/ and create a symlink −

sudo mv $PHANTOM_JS /usr/local/share 
sudo ln -sf /usr/local/share/$PHANTOM_JS/bin/phantomjs /usr/local/bin.

Execute phantomjs –v at the terminal and it should give the version of PhantomJS.

Linux 32 bit

Download the PhantomJS zip file meant for Linux 32 bit and extract the content. Once the content is downloaded, move the PhantomJS folder to /usr/local/share/ and create a symlink −

sudo mv $PHANTOM_JS /usr/local/share 
sudo ln -sf /usr/local/share/$PHANTOM_JS/bin/phantomjs /usr/local/bin.

Execute phantomjs –v at the terminal and it should give the version of PhantomJS.

The PhantomJS source code can also be taken from the git repository by clicking on the following link – https://github.com/ariya/phantomjs/

To run scripts in PhantomJS, the command is as follows −

phantomjs jsfile arg1 arg2… 

PhantomJS – Object

In this chapter, we will look at the four important objects PhantomJS. They are as follows −

• CookiesEnabled
• Cookies
• LibraryPath
• Version

Let us now discuss each of these in detail.

cookiesEnabled

It tells whether the cookies are enabled or not. It will return true, if yes; otherwise false.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

phantom.cookiesEnabled

Example

cookieenabled.js

phantom.addCookie ({  
   //adding cookie with addcookie property 
   name: ''c1'', 
   value: ''1'', 
   domain: ''localhost'' 
}); 

console.log("Cookie Enabled value is : "+phantom.cookiesEnabled); 
phantom.exit();

Output

Command − phantomjs cookieenabled.js

Cookie Enabled value is : true 

Cookies

It helps to add and set cookies to a domain. It returns an object with all the cookies available for the domain.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

phantom.cookies; 

Example

Filename: phantomcookie.js

phantom.addCookie ({ 
   name: ''c1'', 
   value: ''1'', 
   domain: ''localhost'' 
}); 
phantom.addCookie ({ 
   name: ''c2'', 
   value: ''2'', 
   domain: ''localhost'' 
}); 
phantom.addCookie ({ 
   name: ''c3'', 
   value: ''3'', 
   domain: ''localhost'' 
}); 
console.log(JSON.stringify(phantom.cookies)); 
phantom.exit();

Output

Command − phantomjs phantomcookie.js

[{"domain":".localhost","httponly":false,"name":"c3","path":"/","secure":false, " 
value":"3"},{"domain":".localhost","httponly":false,"name":"c2","path":"/","sec u 
re":false,"value":"2"},{"domain":".localhost","httponly":false,"name":"c1","pat h
":"/","secure":false,"value":"1"}]

In the above example, we added some cookies to the localhost domain. We then fetched it using phantom.cookies. It returns an object with all the cookies by using the JSON stringify method to convert the JavaScript object into a string. You can also use foreach to access the name/values of the cookies.

LibraryPath

PhantomJS libraryPath stores the script path to be used by the injectJS method.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

phantom.libraryPath 

Example

Here is an example to find out the version.

var webPage = require(''webpage'');
var page = webPage.create();

page.open(''http://www.tutorialspoint.com/jquery'', function(status) {
   if (status === "success") { 
      page.includeJs(''http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js '', function() { 
         if (page.injectJs(''do.js'')) { 
            // returnTitle is a function loaded from our do.js file - see below 
            return returnTitle(); 
         });
         
         console.log(title); 
         phantom.exit(); 
      } 
   } 
});

window.returnTitle = function() { 
   return document.title;
}; 

The above program generates the following output.

Jquery Tutorial

Version

It gives the version of the PhantomJS that is running and returns the details in an object. For example: {“major”:2,”minor”:1,”patch”:1}

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

phantom.version

Example

Here is an example to find out the version.

var a = phantom.version;
console.log(JSON.stringify(a));
console.log(a.major);
console.log(a.minor);
console.log(a.patch);
phantom.exit();

The above program generates the following output.

{"major":2,"minor":1,"patch":1} 
2 
1 
1

In the above example, we have used console.log to print the version. Currently, we are running on version 2. It returns the object with the details shown in the above code block.

PhantomJS – Methods

PhantomJS is a platform to help execute JavaScript without a browser. To do that, the following methods are used, which help in Adding the Cookie, Deleting, Clearing, Exiting the Script, Injecting JS, etc.

We will discuss more on these PhantomJS methods and their syntax in this chapter. Similar methods i.e. addcookie, injectjs exists on the webpage module, which will be discussed in the subsequent chapters.

PhantomJS exposes the following methods that can help us to execute JavaScript without the browser −

• addCookie
• clearCookie
• deleteCookie
• Exit
• InjectJS

Let us now understand these methods in detail with examples.

addCookie

The addcookie method is used to add cookies and store in the data. It is similar to how the browser stores it. It takes a single argument that is an object with all the properties of cookies and the syntax for it looks like shown below −

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

phantom.addCookie ({ 
   "name" : "cookie_name",  
   "value" : "cookie_value", 
   "domain" : "localhost" 
});

The name, value, domain are mandatory properties to be added to the addcookie function. If any of this property is missing in the cookie objects, this method will fail.

• name − specifies the name of the cookie.

• value − specifies the value of the cookie to be used.

• domain − domain to which the cookie will be applied.

Example

Here is an example of the addcookie method.

var page = require(''webpage'').create(),url = ''http://localhost/tasks/a.html''; 
page.open(url, function(status) { 
   if (status === ''success'') {     
      phantom.addCookie({   //add name cookie1 with value = 1 
         name: ''cookie1'', 
         value: ''1'', 
         domain: ''localhost'' 
      }); 
      phantom.addCookie({   // add cookie2 with value 2 
         name: ''cookie2'', 
         value: ''2'', 
         domain: ''localhost'' 
      }); 
      phantom.addCookie({   // add cookie3 with value 3 
         name: ''cookie3'', 
         value: ''3'', 
         domain: ''localhost'' 
      }); 
      console.log(''Added 3 cookies''); 
      console.log(''Total cookies :''+phantom.cookies.length);  
      
      // will output the total cookies added to the url.    
   } else { 
      console.error(''Cannot open file''); 
      phantom.exit(1); 
   } 
}); 

Example

a.html

<html>
   <head>
      <title>Welcome to phantomjs test page</title>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
   </body>
</html>

The above program generates the following output.

Added 3 cookies 
Total cookies :3

The code comments are self-explanatory.

clearCookies

This method allows deleting all the cookies.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

phantom.clearCookies();

This concept works similar to deleting the browser cookies by selecting in the browser menu.

Example

Here is an example of the clearCookies method.

var page = require(''webpage'').create(),url = ''http://localhost/tasks/a.html''; 
page.open(url, function(status) { 
   if (status === ''success'') {     
      phantom.addCookie({   //add name cookie1 with value = 1 
         name: ''cookie1'', 
         value: ''1'', 
         domain: ''localhost'' 
      }); 
      phantom.addCookie({   // add cookie2 with value 2 
         name: ''cookie2'', 
         value: ''2'', 
         domain: ''localhost'' 
      }); 
      phantom.addCookie({   // add cookie3 with value 3 
         name: ''cookie3'', 
         value: ''3'', 
         domain: ''localhost'' 
      }); 
      console.log(''Added 3 cookies''); 
      console.log(''Total cookies :''+phantom.cookies.length); 
      phantom.clearCookies(); 
      console.log(
         ''After clearcookies method total cookies :'' +phantom.cookies.length); 
      
      phantom.exit();     
   } else { 
      console.error(''Cannot open file''); 
      phantom.exit(1); 
   } 
}); 

a.html

<html>
   <head>
      <title>Welcome to phantomjs test page</title>
   </head>
   
   <body>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
      <h1>This is a test page</h1>
   </body>
</html>

The above program generates the following output.

Added 3 cookies 
Total cookies :3 
After clearcookies method total cookies :0 

deleteCookie

Delete any cookie in the CookieJar with a ‘name” property matching cookieName. It will return true, if successfully deleted; otherwise false.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

phantom.deleteCookie(cookiename);

Let us understand addcookie, clearcookies and deletecookie with the help of an example.

Example

Here is an example to demonstrate the use of deleteCookie method −

File: cookie.js

var page = require(''webpage'').create(),url = ''http://localhost/tasks/a.html''; 
page.open(url, function(status) { 
   if (status === ''success'') {     
      phantom.addCookie({   //add name cookie1 with value = 1 
         name: ''cookie1'', 
         value: ''1'', 
         domain: ''localhost'' 
      }); 
      phantom.addCookie({   // add cookie2 with value 2 
         name: ''cookie2'', 
         value: ''2'', 
         domain: ''localhost'' 
      });
      phantom.addCookie({   // add cookie3 with value 3 
         name: ''cookie3'', 
         value: ''3'', 
         domain: ''localhost'' 
      });  
      console.log(''Added 3 cookies''); 
      console.log(''Total cookies :''+phantom.cookies.length); 
      
      //will output the total cookies added to the url.    
      console.log("Deleting cookie2"); 
      phantom.deleteCookie(''cookie2''); 
      
      console.log(''Total cookies :''+phantom.cookies.length); 
      phantom.clearCookies();
      
      console.log(
         ''After clearcookies method total cookies :'' +phantom.cookies.length); 
      phantom.exit(); 
   } else { 
      console.error(''Cannot open file''); 
      phantom.exit(1); 
   } 
});

The above program generates the following output.

phantomjs cookie.js
Added 3 cookies
Total cookies :3
Deleting cookie2
Total cookies :2
After clearcookies method total cookies :0

Exit

The phantom.exit method will exit the script which it had started. It exits the program with return value mentioned. It gives ‘0’, if there is no value passed.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

phantom.exit(value);

In case you do not add phantom.exit, then the command line assumes that the execution is still on and will not complete.

Example

Let us look at an example to understand the use of the exit method.

console.log(''Welcome to phantomJs'');  // outputs Welcome to phantomJS 
var a = 1; 
if (a === 1) { 
   console.log(''Exit 1''); //outputs Exit 1 
   phantom.exit(); // Code exits. 
} else { 
   console.log(''Exit 2''); 
   phantom.exit(1); 
}

The above program generates the following output.

phantomjs exit.js

Welcome to phantomJs 
Exit 1 

Any piece of code after phantom.exit will not be executed, since phantom.exit is a method to end the script.

injectJs

InjectJs is used to add addtionaljs files in phantom. If the file is not found in the current directory librarypath, then the phantom property (phantom.libraryPath) is used as an additional place to track the path. It returns true if the file addition is successful otherwise false for failure, incase if it is not able to locate the file.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

phantom.injectJs(filename);

Example

Let us look at the following example to understand the use of injectJs.

Filename: inject.js

console.log(“Added file”); 

File name: addfile.js

var addfile =  injectJs(inject.js);
console.log(addfile);
phantom.exit();

Output

Command − C:phantomjsbin>phantomjs addfile.js

Added file // coming from inject.js
true

In the above example, addfile.js calls the file inject.js using injectJs. When you execute addfile.js, the console.log present in inject.js is shown in the output. It also shows true for addfile variable since the file inject.js was added successfully.

PhantomJS – Webpage Module Properties

PhantomJS provides quite a lot of properties and methods to help us to interact with the contents inside a webpage.

The require(“webpage”).create() command creates a webpage object. We will use this object to manipulate the webpage with the help of properties and methods listed below.

var wpage = require("webpage").create();

The following table has the list of all the webpage properties that we are going to discuss.

PhantomJS – Webpage Module Methods

The Web Page Module has methods for Cookies, Frames, Page Navigation, Reload, Rendering and Uploading of Files.

Following are the methods available on the web page.

Webpage Module Events/Callbacks

The callbacks available with the webpage module are described in the following table.

Webpage Child Process Module

The Phantomjs Child process module helps to interact with the sub-processes and talk to them using stdin /stdout/stderr. The child processes can be used for tasks like printing, sending mail or to invoke programs written in another language. To create a child process module, you need references.

For example −

var process = require("child_process");

Spawn Method

With the spawn child process, you can subscribe to its stdout and stderr streams to get data real-time.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

var spawn = require(''child_process'').spawn;

Example

Let us look at an example of the spawn method.

var process = require("child_process")
var spawn = process.spawn
var child = spawn("cmd", [''/c'', ''dir'']);

child.stdout.on("data", function (data) {
   console.log("spawnSTDOUT---VALUE:", JSON.stringify(data))
})
child.stderr.on("data", function (data) {
   console.log("spawnSTDERR:", JSON.stringify(data))
})
child.on("exit", function (code) {
   console.log("spawnEXIT:", code)
})

Output

The above program generates the following output.

spawnSTDOUT---VALUE: " Volume in drive C is OSrn"
spawnSTDOUT---VALUE: " Volume Serial Number is 7682-9C1Brnrn Directory of C:
\phantomjs\binrnrn"
spawnSTDOUT---VALUE: "20-05-2017  10:01
<DIR>          .rn20-05-2017  10:01
<DIR>          ..rn13-05-2017  20:48   12 a,txt.txtrn07-05-2017  08:51
63 a.jsrn06-05-2017  16:32           120,232 a.pdfrn13-05-2017  20:49 
spawnEXIT: 0 

PhantomJS – File System Module Properties

The File System Module has many APIs to deal with files and directories. You can create/write and delete a file/directory. To start using the file system module you must require a reference to the fs module.

var fs = require(''fs'');

There are two properties available for file system module: Separator and Working Directory. Let us understand them in detail.

Separator

It tells you the separator used for the file paths.

• For windows:
• For Linux: /

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

fs.seperator

Example

var fs = require(''fs'');
console.log(fs.seperator);
phantom.exit();

The above program generates the following output.

undefined

workingDirectory

The working directory is the directory in which PhantomJS executes.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

var fs = require(''fs'');
fs.workingDirectory;

Example

var fs = require(''fs'');
console.log(fs.workingDirectory);
phantom.exit();

The above program generates the following output.

C:/phantomjs/bin

PhantomJS – File System Module Methods

The following table has all the methods and their descriptions, which are available on the File System module.

PhantomJS – System Module Properties

In this chapter, we will discuss regarding the various System Module Properties of PhantomJS.

args

The system module of PhantomJS has different properties, which help to pass arguments, get to know the file that is executed, etc.

The args property basically returns the arguments passed at the command line. You can also pass the page-URL that you want to read. If you want to store the screen-capture pdf-file or upload file, the details can be passed to the command line and can be read using the args property.

Let us find the length and the way to fetch each argument passed to the command line.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

var system = require(''system''); 
system.args;

Example

Take a look at the following example to understand how this property works.

var system = require(''system'');
console.log(system.args.length);

if (system.args.length>0) {
   console.log(JSON.stringify(system.args));
}
phantom.exit();

The above program generates the following output.

Command − phantomsjs args.js http://localhost/tasks/request.html

2
["args.js","http://localhost/tasks/request.html"]

The first value is the name of the file and next value is the URL passed. You can pass more arguments in the command line and fetch the same using system.args.

env

The env property returns the details of the system.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

var system = require(''system''); 
system.env;

Example

var system = require(''system''); 
console.log(JSON.stringify(system.env)); 
phantom.exit();

The above program generates the following output.

{"=::":"::\","=C:":"C:\phantomjs\bin","=ExitCode":"00000000","ALLUSERSPROFILE":
"C:\ProgramData","APPDATA":"C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Roaming","COMPUTERNAME":
"X","ComSpec":"C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe","CommonProgramFiles":
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files","CommonProgramFiles(x86)":
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files","CommonProgramW6432":
"C:\Program Files\Common Files","FP_NO_HOST_CHECK":"NO","HOMEDRIVE":"C:",
"HOMEPATH":"\Users\UserName","LOCALAPPDATA":
"C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Local","LOGONSERVER":"\\MicrosoftAccount",
"NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS":"2","OS":"Windows_NT","PATHEXT":".COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS ;
.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC","PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE":"x86","PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW64 32":
"AMD64","PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER":"Intel64 Family 6 Model 58Stepping9,GenuineIntel",
"PROCESSOR_LEVEL":"6","PROCESSOR_REVISION":"3a09","PROMPT":
"$P$G","PSModulePath":"C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\
Modules\" ,"PUBLIC":"C:\Users\Public","Path":
"C:\Program Files\Dell\DW WLAN Card;
c:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\iCLS Client\;c:\Program Files\Intel\iCLSClient\;
C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32 Wbem;
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;
C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;
C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;
C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;
C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) 
ManagementEngineComponents\IPT;c:\ProgramFiles\WIDCOMM\BluetoothSoftware\;
c:\ProgramFiles\WIDCOMM\BluetoothSoftware\syswow64;
C:\ProgramFiles(x86)\WindowsLive\Shared;C:\ProgramFiles\nodejs\;
C:\ProgramFiles\Git\cmd;C:\ProgramFiles\ OpenVPN\bin;
C:\ProgramFiles(x86)\Skype\Phone\;C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Roaming
\npm","ProgramData":
"C:\ProgramData","ProgramFiles":"C:\ProgramFiles(x86)", 
"ProgramFiles(x86)":"C:\ProgramFiles(x86)","ProgramW6432":
"C:\ProgramFiles","SESSIONNAME":"Console","SystemDrive":
"C:","SystemRoot":"C:\Windows","TEMP":"C:\Users Username~1\AppData\Local\Temp",
"TMP":"C:\Users\Username~1\AppData\Local\Temp",
"USERDOMAIN":"USER","USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE":"USER","USERNAME":"X Y","USERPROFILE":
"C:\Users\X Y","windir":"C:\Windows"}

OS

It returns the details of the operating system used. It returns an object with architecture, name of the OS, and version.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

var system = require(''system'');
system.os;

Example

var system = require(''system'');
console.log(JSON.stringify(system.os));
phantom.exit();

The above program generates the following output.

{"architecture":"32bit","name":"windows","version":"8.1"}

pid

This property returns the process ID.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

var system = require(''system'');
system.pid;

Example

Let us look at an example of the pid property.

var system = require(''system'');
console.log(system.pid);
phantom.exit();

The above program generates the following output.

2160

platform

This property returns the platform we are working on.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

var system = require(''system'');
system.platform;

Example

var system = require(''system'');
console.log(system.platform);
phantom.exit();

The above program generates the following output.

Phantomjs

PhantomJS – Web Server Module Properties

PhantomJS uses an embedded web server called mongoose. Right now, PhantomJS cannot connect with any other production webserver. With respect to connection, it can deal with 10 connections at a time and more than 10 requests will be waiting in a queue.

To start a webserver, we need to use the following syntax −

var webserver = require (‘webserver’);

Let us understand the Port property, which is used to listen to the requests that are sent to the webserver.

port

The Port property for a webserver is used to listen to the request that are sent to it.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

var server = require(''webserver'').create();
var listening = server.listen(port, function (request, response) {});

Example

Let us take an example to understand how the port property works.

var webserver = require(''webserver''); 
var server = webserver.create(); 
var service = server.listen(8080,function(request,response){  
}); 
if(service) console.log("server started - http://localhost:" + server.port); 

The above program generates the following output.

server started - http://localhost:8080

PhantomJS – Web Server Module Methods

In this chapter, we will discuss regarding the various methods of the Web Server Module of PhantomJS.

close

The close method is used to close the webserver.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

var server = require(''webserver'').create();
server.close();

Example

The following example shows how you can use the close method.

var webserver = require(''webserver'');
var server = webserver.create();
var service = server.listen(8080,function(request,response){
});

if(service) console.log("server started - http://localhost:" + server.port);
console.log(server.port);
server.close();
console.log(server.port);

The above program generates the following output.

server started - http://localhost:8080 
8080

Here, we have consoled server.port after closing the server. Hence, it will not respond, as the webserver is already closed.

listen

The server.listen method takes the port and callback function with two arguments, which are – Request Object and Response Object.

The Request Object contains the following properties −

• Method − This defines the method GET /POST.

• URL − This displays the requested URL.

• httpVersion − This displays the actual http version.

• Headers − This displays all the headers with key value pairs.

• Post − Request body applicable only for the post method.

• postRaw − If the Content-Type header is set to ”application/x-www-formurlencoded”, the original content of the post will be stored in this extra property (postRaw) and then that post will be automatically updated with a URL-decoded version of the data.

The Response Object contains the following properties −

• Headers − Has all the HTTP headers as key-value pairs. It should be set before calling write for the first time.

• SetHeader − This sets a specific header.

• Header (name) − It returns the value of the given header.

• StatusCode − It sets the returned HTTP status code.

• SetEncoding (encoding) − This is used to convert data given to write(). By default, data will be converted to UTF-8. Indicate “binary” if data is a binary string. Not required if data is a Buffer (e.g. from page.renderBuffer).

• Write (data) − It sends data for the response body. Can be called multiple times.

• WriteHead (statusCode, headers) − It sends a response header to the request. The status code is a 3-digit HTTP status code (e.g. 404). The last arguments and headers are the response headers.

• Close − It closes the http connection.

• CloseGracefully − It is similar to close(), but it makes sure the response headers have been sent first.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

var server = require(''webserver'').create(); 
var listening = server.listen(8080, function (request, response) {} 

Example

Let us take an example to understand how the listen method works.

var page = require(''webpage'').create(); 
var server = require(''webserver'').create(); 
var port = 8080; 
var listening = server.listen(8080, function (request, response) { 
   console.log("GOT HTTP REQUEST"); 
   console.log(JSON.stringify(request, null, 4)); 
   
   // we set the headers here 
   response.statusCode = 200; 
   response.headers = {"Cache": "no-cache", "Content-Type": "text/html"};  
 
   // the headers above will now be sent implictly 
   // now we write the body 
   response.write("<html><head><title>Welcone to Phantomjs</title></head>"); 
   response.write("<body><p>Hello World</p></body></html>"); 
   response.close(); 
}); 

if (!listening) { 
   console.log("could not create web server listening on port " + port); 
   phantom.exit(); 
} 

var url = "http://localhost:" + port + "/foo/response.php"; 
console.log("sending request to :" +url); 
page.open(url, function (status) { 
   if (status !== ''success'') { 
      console.log(''page not opening''); 
   } else { 
      console.log("Getting response from the server:"); 
      console.log(page.content); 
   } 
   
   phantom.exit(); 
});

The above program generates the following output.

sending request to :http://localhost:8080/foo/response.php 
GOT HTTP REQUEST { 
   "headers": {
      "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8", 
      "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 
      "Accept-Language": "en-IN,*", 
      "Connection": "Keep-Alive", 
      "Host": "localhost:8080", 
      "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/538.1 
         (KHTML, like Gecko) PhantomJS/2.1.1 Safari/538.1" 
   }, 
   "httpVersion": "1.1", 
   "method": "GET", 
   "url": "/foo/response.php" 
} 
Getting response from the server: 
<html><head><title>Welcone to Phantomjs</title></head><body><p>Hello World</p></body>
</html> 

PhantomJS – Command Line Interface

PhantomJS can be executed using the keyword “phantomjs” and the name of the file. For example, “phantomjs file.js”.

You can also pass arguments into “file.js” as follows −

phantomjs [options] file.js arg1 arg2 ...

Let us go through some of the options available at the command line.

PhantomJS – Screen Capture

PhantomJS is very helpful in taking a screenshot of a webpage and converting a webpage into a PDF. We have given here a simple example to demonstrate how it works.

Example

var page = require(''webpage'').create();
page.open(''http://phantom.org/'',function(status){
   page.render(''phantom.png'');
   phantom.exit();
});

Execute the above program and the output will be saved as phantom.png.

Convert Webpages into PDFs

PhantomJS also helps to convert webpages into PDFs with header and footer added to it. Take a look at the following example to understand how it works.

var wpage = require(''webpage'').create(); 
var url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"; 
var output = "test.pdf"; 

wpage.paperSize = { 
   width: screen.width+''px'', 
   height: ''1500px'', 
   
   margin: {
      ''top'':''50px'', 
      ''left'':''50px'', 
      ''rigtht'':''50px'' 
   }, 
   orientation:''portrait'', 
   header: { 
      height: "1cm", 
      contents: phantom.callback(function(pageNumber, nPages) { 
         return "<h5>Header <b>" + pageNumber + " / " + nPages + "</b></h5>"; 
      }) 
   }, 
   footer: { 
      height: "1cm", 
      contents: phantom.callback(function(pageNumber, nPages) {   
         return "<h5>Footer <b>" + pageNumber + " / " + nPages + "</b></h5>"; 
      }) 
   } 
} 
wpage.open(url, function (status) { 
   if (status !== ''success'') { 
      console.log(''Page is not opening''); 
      phantom.exit(); 
   } else { 
      wpage.render(output); 
      phantom.exit();     
   } 
});

The above program generates the following output.

The above will convert the page into pdf and will be saved in test.pdf

Convert a Canvas to an Image

Phantomjs can easily convert a Canvas to an Image. Take a look at the following example to understand how it works.

var page = require(''webpage'').create(); 
page.content = ''<html><body><canvas id="surface" width="400" height="400"></canvas></body></html>''; 

page.evaluate(function() {
   var context,e1; 
   el = document.getElementById(''surface''); 
   
   context = el.getContext(''2d''); 
   context.font = "30px Comic Sans MS"; 
   context.fillStyle = "red"; 
   context.textAlign = "center"; 
   context.fillText("Welcome to PhantomJS ", 200, 200); 
   
   document.body.style.backgroundColor = ''white''; 
   document.body.style.margin = ''0px''; 
}); 
page.render(''canvas.png''); 
phantom.exit(); 

The above program generates the following output.

PhantomJS – Page Automation

PhantomJS, with the help of its webpage module APIs, can manipulate webpages and perform operations such as DOM manipulation, clicking on buttons, etc.

Fetch Images from a Page

The following program shows how you can use PhantomJS to fetch images from a page.

var wpage = require(''webpage'').create();
wpage.onConsoleMessage = function(str) {
   console.log(str.length);
}
wpage.open("http://phantomjs.org", function(status) {
   console.log(status);
   var element = wpage.evaluate(function() {
      var imgdata =  document.querySelectorAll(''img'');
      var imgsrc = [];
      
      if (imgdata) {
         for (var i in imgdata) {
            imgsrc.push(imgdata[0].src);
         }
      }
      return imgsrc;
   });
   console.log(JSON.stringify(element));
});

The above program generates the following output.

Success 
["http://phantomjs.org/img/phantomjslogo.png","http://phantomjs.org/img/phantom 
js-logo.png","http://phantomjs.org/img/phantomjslogo.png","http://phantomjs.org 
/img/phantomjs-logo.png"]

It is possible to include external JavaScript in a page using the injectJS webpage method. There are many properties and methods, which can help page automation and do many other things. You can refer the webpage module where the properties and methods are explained in detail.

PhantomJS – Network Monitoring

With help of PhantomJS, we can monitor the network and validate the behavior and performance of a particular webpage. There are callbacks in PhantomJS, i.e., onResourceRequested and onResourceReceived, which help in monitoring the traffic for a given page.

Example

The following example shows how you can use PhantomJS to monitor traffic for a given page.

function createHAR(address, title, startTime, resources) {  
   
   // this function formats the data which is coming from 
      onresourcerequest and onresourcereceived 
   var entries = []; 
   
   resources.forEach(function (resource) { 
      var request = resource.request, startReply = resource.startReply, 
         endReply = resource.endReply;  
      
      if (!request || !startReply || !endReply) { 
         return; 
      }  
      
      // Exclude Data URI from HAR file because 
      // they aren''t included in specification 
      if (request.url.match(/(^data:image/.*)/i)) { 
         return; 
      }  
      entries.push ({ 
         startedDateTime: request.time.toISOString(), 
         time: endReply.time - request.time, 
         
         request: { 
            method: request.method, 
            url: request.url, 
            httpVersion: "HTTP/1.1", 
            cookies: [], headers: request.headers, 
            queryString: [], 
            headersSize: -1, 
            bodySize: -1 
         }, 
         response: { 
            status: endReply.status, 
            statusText: endReply.statusText, 
            httpVersion: "HTTP/1.1", 
            cookies: [], 
            headers: endReply.headers, 
            redirectURL: "", 
            headersSize: -1, 
            bodySize: startReply.bodySize, 
            
            content: { 
               size: startReply.bodySize, 
               mimeType: endReply.contentType 
            } 
         }, 
         cache: {}, 
         timings: { 
            blocked: 0, 
            dns: -1, 
            connect: -1, 
            send: 0, 
            wait: startReply.time - request.time, 
            receive: endReply.time - startReply.time, 
            ssl: -1 
         }, 
         pageref: address 
      }); 
   });  
   return { 
      log: { 
         version: ''1.2'', creator: { 
            name: "PhantomJS", 
            version: phantom.version.major + ''.'' + phantom.version.minor + 
               ''.'' + phantom.version.patch 
         }, 
         pages: [{ 
            startedDateTime: startTime.toISOString(), 
            id: address, 
            title: title, 
            
            pageTimings: { 
               onLoad: page.endTime - page.startTime 
            } 
         }], 
         entries: entries 
      } 
   }; 
}  
var page = require(''webpage'').create(), system = require(''system''); 
var fs = require(''fs'');   

if (system.args.length === 1) { 
   console.log(''Usage: netsniff.js <some URL>''); 
   phantom.exit(1); 
} else { 
   page.address = system.args[1]; 
   page.resources = []; 
   
   page.onLoadStarted = function () {  // called when page is loaded 
      page.startTime = new Date(); 
   };  
   page.onResourceRequested = function (req) {  
      // called when any files are requested from given page url 
      page.resources[req.id] = { 
         request: req, 
         startReply: null, 
         endReply: null 
      }; 
   };  
   page.onResourceReceived = function (res) {  
      //called when any files are received. 
      if (res.stage === ''start'') { 
         page.resources[res.id].startReply = res; 
      } 
      if (res.stage === ''end'') { 
         page.resources[res.id].endReply = res; 
      } 
   };  
   page.open(page.address, function (status) {  // open given page url 
      var har; 
      
      if (status !== ''success'') { 
         console.log(''FAIL to load the address''); 
         phantom.exit(1); 
      } else { 
         page.endTime = new Date(); 
         
         page.title = page.evaluate(function () { // gets the page title 
            return document.title; 
         });             
         har = createHAR(page.address, page.title, page.startTime, page.resources);  
         
         // calls the function createHAR with page url, starttime, and page resources. 
         // console.log(JSON.stringify(har, undefined, 4)); 
         fs.write(''log.txt'', JSON.stringify(har, undefined, 4), ''w'');  
         
         // logs are collected in log.txt file. 
         phantom.exit(); 
      } 
   }); 
}

Example of log.txt given to HAR preview

{ 
   "log": { 
      "version": "1.2", 
      "creator": { 
         "name": "PhantomJS", 
         "version": "2.1.1" 
      }, 
      "pages": [ 
         { 
            "startedDateTime": "2017-05-21T13:41:21.824Z", 
            "id": "http://www.sample.com", 
            "title": "Free Sample Products – Sample.com ≫ Free Samples, 
               Free Product Samples, Product Test Marketing", 
            "pageTimings": { 
               "onLoad": 11081 
            } 
         } 
      ], 
      "entries": [ 
         { 
            "startedDateTime": "2017-05-21T13:41:21.815Z", 
            "time": 1999, 
            
            "request": { 
               "method": "GET", 
               "url": "http://www.sample.com/", 
               "httpVersion": "HTTP/1.1", 
               "cookies": [], 
               
               "headers": [ 
                  { 
                     "name": "Accept", 
                     "value": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,
                        application/xml;q = 0.9,*/*;q = 0.8" 
                  }, 
                  
                  { 
                     "name": "User-Agent", 
                     "value": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/538.1 
                        (KHTML, like Gecko) PhantomJS/2.1.1 Safari/538.1"  
                  } 
               ], 
               
               "queryString": [], 
               "headersSize": -1, 
               "bodySize": -1 
            }, 
            "response": { 
               "status": 301, 
               "statusText": "Moved Permanently", 
               "httpVersion": "HTTP/1.1", 
               "cookies": [], 
               
               "headers": [ 
                  { 
                     "name": "Date", 
                     "value": "Sun, 21 May 2017 13:41:25 GMT" 
                  }, 
                  
                  { 
                     "name": "Server", 
                     "value": "Apache/2.2.14 (Ubuntu)" 
                  }, 
                  
                  { 
                     "name": "Location", 
                     "value": "http://sample.com//" 
                  }, 
                  
                  { 
                     "name": "Vary", 
                     "value": "Accept-Encoding" 
                  }, 
                  
                  { 
                     "name": "Content-Encoding", 
                     "value": "gzip" 
                  }, 
                  
                  { 
                     "name": "Keep-Alive", 
                     "value": "timeout = 15, max = 100" 
                  },
                  
                  { 
                     "name": "Connection", 
                     "value": "Keep-Alive" 
                  }, 
                  
                  { 
                     "name": "Content-Type", 
                     "value": "text/html; charset = iso-8859-1" 
                  } 
               ],  
               "redirectURL": "", 
               "headersSize": -1, 
               "bodySize": 307, 
               
               "content": { 
                  "size": 307, 
                  "mimeType": "text/html; charset = iso-8859-1" 
               } 
            }, 
            
            "cache": {}, 
            "timings": { 
               "blocked": 0, 
               "dns": -1, 
               "connect": -1, 
               "send": 0, 
               "wait": 1999, 
               "receive": 0, 
               "ssl": -1 
            }, 
            "pageref": "http://www.sample.com" 
         }, 
      ]   
      { 
         "startedDateTime": "2017-05-21T13:41:24.898Z", 
         "time": 885, 
         
         "request": { 
            "method": "GET", 
            "url": "http://sample.com/", 
            "httpVersion": "HTTP/1.1", 
            "cookies": [], 
            
            "headers": [ 
               { 
                  "name": "Accept", 
                  "value": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,
                     application/xml;q = 0.9,*/*;q = 0.8" 
               }, 
               
               { 
                  "name": "User-Agent", 
                  "value": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/538.1 
                     (KHTML, like Gecko) PhantomJS/2.1.1 Safari/538.1" 
               } 
            ], 
            "queryString": [], 
            "headersSize": -1, 
            "bodySize": -1 
         }, 
         "response": { 
            "status": 200, 
            "statusText": "OK", 
            "httpVersion": "HTTP/1.1", 
            "cookies": [], 
            
            "headers": [ 
               { 
                  "name": "Date", 
                  "value": "Sun, 21 May 2017 13:41:27 GMT" 
               }, 
               
               { 
                  "name": "Server", 
                  "value": "Apache/2.2.14 (Ubuntu)" 
               }, 
               
               { 
                  "name": "X-Powered-By", 
                  "value": "PHP/5.3.2-1ubuntu4.29" 
               }, 
               
               {
                  "name": "X-Pingback", 
                  "value": "http://sample.com/xmlrpc.php" 
               }, 
               
               { 
                  "name": "Link", 
                  "value": "<http://sample.com/wp-json/>; 
                     rel = "https://api.w.org/", <http://wp.me/P6Jj5H-4>; 
                     rel = shortlink" 
               }, 
               
               { 
                  "name": "Vary", 
                  "value": "Accept-Encoding"  
               }, 
               
               { 
                  "name": "Content-Encoding",
                  "value": "gzip" 
               },

               { 
                  "name": "Keep-Alive",
                  "value": "timeout = 15, max = 99"
               },

               {
                  "name": "Connection",
                  "value": "Keep-Alive"
               },

               { 
                  "name": "Content-Type",
                  "value": "text/html; charset = UTF-8"
               }
            ],

            "redirectURL": "",
            "headersSize": -1,
            "bodySize": 1969,

            "content": {
               "size": 1969,
               "mimeType": "text/html; charset = UTF-8"
            }
         },

         "cache": {},
         "timings": {
            "blocked": 0,
            "dns": -1,
            "connect": -1,
            "send": 0,
            "wait": 869,
            "receive": 16,
            "ssl": -1
         },

         "pageref": http://www.sample.com
      },

      {
         "startedDateTime": "2017-05-21T13:41:25.767Z",
         "time": 388,

         "request": {
            "method": "GET",
            "url": "http://sample.com/wpcontent/themes/samplecom/style.css",
            "httpVersion": "HTTP/1.1",
            "cookies": [],

            "headers": [
               {
                  "name": "Accept",
                  "value": "text/css,*/*;q = 0.1"
               },

               {
                  "name": "Referer",
                  "value": "http://sample.com/"
               },

               {
                  "name": "User-Agent",
                  "value": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/538.1 
                     (KHTML, like Gecko) PhantomJS/2.1.1 Safari/538.1"
               }
            ],

            "queryString": [],
            "headersSize": -1,
            "bodySize": -1
         },

         "response": {
            "status": 200,
            "statusText": "OK",
            "httpVersion": "HTTP/1.1",
            "cookies": [],

            "headers": [
               {
                  "name": "Date",
                  "value": "Sun, 21 May 2017 13:41:27 GMT"
               },

               {
                  "name": "Server",
                  "value": "Apache/2.2.14 (Ubuntu)"
               },

               {
                  "name": "Last-Modified",
                  "value": "Fri, 22 Apr 2011 00:32:22 GMT"
               },

               {
                  "name": "ETag",
                  "value": ""e1d7-1836-4a176fdbbd180""
               },

               {
                  "name": "Accept-Ranges",
                  "value": "bytes"
               },

               {
                  "name": "Vary",
                  "value": "Accept-Encoding"
               },

               {
                  "name": "Content-Encoding",
                  "value": "gzip"
               },

               {
                  "name": "Keep-Alive",
                  "value": "timeout = 15, max = 98"
               },

               {
                  "name": "Connection",
                  "value": "Keep-Alive"
               },

               {
                  "name": "Content-Type",
                  "value": "text/css"
               }
            ],

            "redirectURL": "",
            "headersSize": -1,
            "bodySize": 3174,
            
            "content": {
               "size": 3174,
               "mimeType": "text/css"
            }
         },

         "cache": {},
         "timings": {
            "blocked": 0,
            "dns": -1,
            "connect": -1,
            "send": 0,
            "wait": 388,
            "receive": 0,
            "ssl": -1
         },
         
         "pageref": "http://www.sample.com"
      }
   }
}

Output

The above program generates the following output.

All the logs are collected in a .txt file and later, the same is converted as above using the HAR preview, for example, (http://www.softwareishard.com/har/viewer/)

PhantomJS – Testing

PhantomJS has a lot of API for a webpage, which gives all the details. PhantomJS can be used to for testing like getting the content of a page, taking screen share, converting page into a pdf, etc. There are many popular testing libraries in the market, which can be used along with PhantomJS and can be used for testing.

Some of the popular frameworks that can work with PhantomJS are as follows −

• Mocha
• Jasmine
• Qunit
• Hiro
• Laika
• Buster.JS
• WebDriver

Example – PhantomJS with Qunit

(function () {     
   var url, timeout,args = require(''system'').args, page = require(''webpage'').create(); 
   url = args[1]; 
   timeout = parseInt(10, 10); 
   
   page.onConsoleMessage = function (msg) {  
      //prints all the console messages 
      console.log(msg); 
   }; 
   page.onInitialized = function () {  // called when page is initialized 
      page.evaluate(callqunit); 
   }; 
   page.onCallback = function (message) { // called from  
      var result, failed; 
      
      if (message) {  
         if (message.name === ''QUnit.done'') { 
            result = message.data; 
            failed = !result || !result.total || result.failed;  
            
            if (!result.total) { 
               console.error(''No tests were executed''); 
            } 
            pageexit(failed ? 1 : 0); 
         } 
      } 
   };  
   page.open(url, function (status) { // opening page  
      if (status !== ''success'') { 
         console.error(''Unable to access network: '' + status); 
         pageexit(1); 

      } else { 
         var checkqunit = page.evaluate(function () { 
            //evaluating page and chcking if qunit object 
               is present on the given page url 
            return (typeof QUnit === ''undefined'' || !QUnit); 
         }); 
         
         if (checkqunit) { 
            console.error(''Qunit scripts are not present on the page''); 
            pageexit(1); 
         }             
         
         //timeout of 10seconds is used otherwise message from console will get printed. 
         setTimeout(function () { 
            console.error(''The specified timeout of '' + timeout + '' seconds has expired. 
               Aborting...''); 
            pageexit(1); 
         }, timeout * 1000);           
      } 
   });  
   function callqunit() {

qunit.html

<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html> 

   <head> 
      <meta charset = "utf-8"> 
      <meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width"> 
      <title>QUnit Example</title> 
      <link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://code.jquery.com/qunit/qunit-2.3.2.css"> 
   </head> 

   <body> 
      <div id = "qunit"></div> 
      <div id = "qunit-fixture"></div> 
      <script src = "https://code.jquery.com/qunit/qunit-2.3.2.js"></script> 
   </body> 
   
</html> 

Output

Command − phantomjs qunit.js http://localhost/tasks/qunit.html

The above program generates the following output.

{"passed":3,"failed":2,"total":5,"runtime":23}
Time taken is 23ms to run 5 tests.
3 passed, 2 failed.

PhantomJS – REPL

REPL stands for Read Eval Print Loop. In PhantomJS, REPL is an interactive mode to test the JavaScript code. You can do the same thing, which is done in Google Chrome Inspector or Firebug to execute some piece of code directly on the console. REPL returns you the same platform to execute the scripts.

The typed command is sent to the interpreter for immediate interpretation (EVAL) and to provide feedback (PRINT). Enter PhantomJS in the command line and it will take you to the interactive mode, where you can execute your code directly.

Syntax

Its syntax is as follows −

Phantomjs

Example

The following example demonstrates how REPL works in PhantomJS.

phantomjs> console.log("Welcome to phantomjs");
Welcome to phantomjs
Undefined

phantomjs> window.navigator {
   "appCodeName": "Mozilla",
   "appName": "Netscape",
   "appVersion": "5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/538.1 (KHTML, like Gecko)
      PhantomJS/2.1.1 Safari/538.1",
   "cookieEnabled": true,
   "language": "en-IN",

   "mimeTypes": {
      "length": 0
   },
   "onLine": false,
   "platform": "Win32",

   "plugins": {
      "length": 0
   },
   "product": "Gecko
   "productSub": "20030107",
   "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/538.1 (KHTML, like Gecko)
      PhantomJS/2.1.1 Safari/538.1",
   "vendor": "Apple Computer, Inc.",
   "vendorSub": ""
}

phantomjs>
To find the version
phantomjs> phantom.version {
   "major": 2,
   "minor": 1,
   "patch": 1
}
phantomjs>

Each command is executed and the result is displayed. Use CTRL+C, CTRL+D or phantom.exit() to come out of the interactive mode.

Use the up/down arrow keys to listen to the previously typed commands.

There is another feature called autocompletion, which helps to remember the command. Just type “phantom” and hit the “Tab” button to get a list of available commands you can execute.

Output

The above program generates the following output.

phantomjs> phantom.→| 
phantomjs> phantom.cookies→| 
phantomjs> phantom.exit→| 
phantomjs> phantom.version→|

PhantomJS – Examples

In this chapter, we are providing a few more practical examples to understand some important features of PhantomJS.

Example 1 – Find the Page Speed

In this example, we will use PhantomJS to find the page speed for any given page URL.

var page = require(''webpage'').create(), 
   system = require(''system''), 
   t, address;  

if (system.args.length === 1) { 
   console.log(''Usage: loadspeed.js <some URL>''); 
   phantom.exit(1); 
} else { 
   t = Date.now(); 
   address = system.args[1]; 
   
   page.open(address, function (status) { 
      if (status !== ''success'') { 
         console.log(''FAIL to load the address''); 
      } else { 
         t = Date.now() - t; 
         
         console.log(''Page title is '' + page.evaluate(function () { 
            return document.title; 
         })); 
         console.log(''Loading time '' + t + '' msec''); 
      } 
      phantom.exit(); 
   }); 
}

The above program generates the following output.

Command − phantomjs pagespeed.js http://www.google.com

Page title is Google 
Loading time 1396 msec 

Example 2 – Send a Click Event to a Page

In the following example, we will use PhantomJS to send a click event to a page.

var page = require(''webpage'').create(); 
page.onConsoleMessage = function(str) { 
   console.log(str); 
} 
page.open(''http://phantomjs.org/api/phantom/'', function(status) { 
   page.render(''beforeclick.png''); 
   console.log(page.url); 
   
   var element = page.evaluate(function() {   
      return document.querySelector(''img[src = "http://phantomjs.org/img/phantomjslogo.png"]''); 
   }); 
   page.sendEvent(''click'', element.offsetLeft, element.offsetTop, ''left''); 
   
   window.setTimeout(function () { 
      console.log(page.url); 
      page.render(''afterclick.png''); 
      phantom.exit(); 
   }, 5000); 
   console.log(''element is '' + element); 
}); 

The above program generates the following output.

http://phantomjs.org/api/phantom/ 
element is [object Object] 
http://phantomjs.org/

Our program will create the following two png images in the bin folder. These two images show the difference before and after the execution of the above program.

Example 3 – Submit a Form

The following example shows how to submit a form using PhantomJS.

var wpage = require(''webpage'').create();  
wpage.open("http://localhost/tasks/submitform.html", function(status) { 
   console.log(status); 
   wpage.uploadFile(''input[name = fileToUpload]'', ''output.png''); 
   wpage.render("sform.png");  
   
   var element = wpage.evaluate(function() {   
      return document.querySelector(''input[type = "submit"]'');   
      // getting details of submit button using queryselector. 
   }); 
   wpage.sendEvent(''click'', element.offsetLeft, element.offsetTop, ''left'');  
   
   // sendevent is used to send click event and also giving the left and top 
      position of the submit button. 
   
   window.setTimeout(function () { 
      console.log(wpage.url); 
      wpage.render("submit.png");  // screenshot is saved in submit.png 
      phantom.exit(); 
   }, 5000);  
   console.log(''element is '' + element);  
});

submitform.html

The following code shows how to use the submitform.html file.

<html> 
   <head>
      <title>Window 2</title>
   </head> 

   <body>
      <form action = "submitform.php" method = "post" enctype = "multipart/form-data" 
         id = "form1">  
         <input type = "file" name = "fileToUpload" id = "fileToUpload"> 
         <input type = "submit" value = "Upload Image" name = "submit"> 
      </form> 
   </body>  
   
</html>

Once the form is submitted, it goes to submitform.php.

submitform.php

submitform.php is just printing the details of the files.

<?php 
   print_r($_FILES); 
?> 

The above program generates the following output.

Success 
element is [object Object] 
http://localhost/tasks/submitform.php 

Images

Following are the images for file upload and form submit.