Depending on the field in which Mobile Learning is to be implemented, users could choose between many available operational frameworks that have proven useful in boosting learning in many educational institutes.

These frameworks are −

• Behaviorist − This framework promotes learning through changes in individual observation skills.

• Constructivist − This framework encourages the construction of new ideas and methods.

• Situated − Culture based education framework.

• Collaborative − This framework encourages learning through social interaction.

• Informal and lifelong − This framework supports learning outside curriculum by providing virtual environment.

• Learning and teaching support − This framework coordinates learners with resources for learning.

Many online collaborations see many of these frameworks intermixed with each other during the implementation. Not all of these frameworks are collaborative in nature, although that’s the backbone of mobile learning.

Some of them are more oriented towards increasing learning levels through personal observations (behaviorist framework). In these frameworks, the learner is given more inputs through his interaction with the learning software, as compared to his interaction socially.

Park’s Pedagogical Framework

Park’s (2011) pedagogical framework pitches distance against social activity to understand the meaning of social interaction. It makes a calculation of the amount of time two or more individuals are supposed to interact for a task to be completed successfully. This framework gives academics to plan the learning and teaching strategies for their learner base.

Koole’s model for M-learning Pedagogy

Koole’s framework uses Venn diagrams to explain the three aspects of M-learning, which are as follows −

• Learner (L)
• Society (S) and
• Device (D).

Depending on the overlapping of these three circles, different zones are created. Some of these are −

• Device Region
• Learner Region
• Social Region
• Device Region
• Interaction Region
• Social Region
• Mobile Region

According to Koole, Mobile learning is a combination of interactions between learners, the devices they use for M-learning, and the other people this learner interacts with. Depending on the elements, the areas of involvements are defined.