RSpec is a flexible and powerful tool. The Metadata functionality in RSpec is no exception. Metadata generally refers to “data about data”. In RSpec, this means data about your describe, context and it blocks.

Let’s take a look at an example −

RSpec.describe "An Example Group with a metadata variable", :foo => 17 do 
   context ''and a context with another variable'', :bar => 12 do 
      
      it ''can access the metadata variable of the outer Example Group'' do |example| 
         expect(example.metadata[:foo]).to eq(17) 
      end
      
      it ''can access the metadata variable in the context block'' do |example|  
         expect(example.metadata[:bar]).to eq(12) 
      end 
      
   end 
end

When you run the above code, you will see this output −

.. 
Finished in 0.002 seconds (files took 0.11301 seconds to load) 
2 examples, 0 failures

Metadata provides a way to assign variables at various scopes within your RSpec files. The example.metadata variable is a Ruby hash which contains other information about your Examples and Example groups.

For instance, let’s rewrite the above code to look like this −

RSpec.describe "An Example Group with a metadata variable", :foo => 17 do
   context ''and a context with another variable'', :bar => 12 do 
      
      it ''can access the metadata variable in the context block'' do |example|
         expect(example.metadata[:foo]).to eq(17) 
         expect(example.metadata[:bar]).to eq(12) 
         example.metadata.each do |k,v|
         puts "#{k}: #{v}"
      end
		
   end 
end 

When we run this code, we see all of the values in the example.metadata hash −

.execution_result: #<RSpec::Core::Example::ExecutionResult:0x00000002befd50>
block: #<Proc:0x00000002bf81a8@C:/rspec_tutorial/spec/metadata_spec.rb:7>
description_args: ["can access the metadata variable in the context block"]
description: can access the metadata variable in the context block
full_description: An Example Group with a metadata variable and a context 
   with another variable can access the metadata variable in the context block
described_class:
file_path: ./metadata_spec.rb
line_number: 7
location: ./metadata_spec.rb:7
absolute_file_path: C:/rspec_tutorial/spec/metadata_spec.rb
rerun_file_path: ./metadata_spec.rb
scoped_id: 1:1:2
foo: 17
bar: 12
example_group:
{:execution_result=>#<RSpec::Core::Example::ExecutionResult:
   0x00000002bfa0e8>, :block=>#<
   Proc:0x00000002bfac00@C:/rspec_tutorial/spec/metadata_spec.rb:2>, 
   :description_args=>["and a context with another variable"], 
	
   :description=>"and a context with another variable", 
   :full_description=>"An Example Group with a metadata variable
   and a context with another variable", :described_class=>nil, 
      :file_path=>"./metadata_spec.rb", 
		
   :line_number=>2, :location=>"./metadata_spec.rb:2", 
      :absolute_file_path=>"C:/rspec_tutorial/spec/metadata_spec.rb",
      :rerun_file_path=>"./metadata_spec.rb", 
		
   :scoped_id=>"1:1", :foo=>17, :parent_example_group=>
      {:execution_result=>#<
      RSpec::Core::Example::ExecutionResult:0x00000002c1f690>, 
      :block=>#<Proc:0x00000002baff70@C:/rspec_tutorial/spec/metadata_spec.rb:1>
      , :description_args=>["An Example Group with a metadata variable"], 
		
   :description=>"An Example Group with a metadata variable", 
   :full_description=>"An Example Group with a metadata variable", 
	:described_class=>nil, :file_path=>"./metadata_spec.rb", 
   :line_number=>1, :location=>"./metadata_spec.rb:1",
   :absolute_file_path=>
	
   "C:/rspec_tutorial/spec/metadata_spec.rb", 
   :rerun_file_path=>"./metadata_spec.rb", 
   :scoped_id=>"1", :foo=>17}, 
   :bar=>12}shared_group_inclusion_backtrace: [] 
	
last_run_status: unknown .
.
Finished in 0.004 seconds (files took 0.11101 seconds to load) 
2 examples, 0 failures

Most likely, you will not need to use all of this metadata, but look at the full description value −

An Example Group with a metadata variable and a context with another variable can access the metadata variable in the context block.

This is a sentence created from the describe block description + its contained context block description + the description for the it block.

What is interesting to note here is that, these three strings together read like a normal English sentence. . . which is one of the ideas behind RSpec, having tests that sound like English descriptions of behavior.