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Introduction
Deque is acronym for Double Ended Queue. It is a sequence container that can change it”s size runtime. Container is an object that holds data of same type. Sequence containers store elements strictly in linear sequence.
Elements of deque can be scattered in different chunks of memory. Container stores necessary information to allow direct access to any element in constant time. Unlike vectors, deque are not guaranteed to store all it”s element at contiguous memory locations. Hence it does not allow direct access to data by offsetting pointers. But it enables direct access to any element using subscript operator [ ].
Deque can shrink or expand as needed from both ends at run time. The storage requirement is fulfilled automatically by internal allocator. Deque provides similar functionality as vectors, but provides efficient way to insert and delete data from any end.
Zero sized deques are also valid. In that case deque.begin() and deque.end() points to same location. But behavior of calling front() or back() is undefined.
Definition
Below is definition of std::deque from <deque> header file
template < class T, class Alloc = allocator<T> > class deque;
Parameters
-
T − Type of the element contained.
T may be substituted by any other data type including user-defined type.
-
Alloc − Type of allocator object.
By default, the allocator class template is used, which defines the simplest memory allocation model and is value-independent.
Member types
Following member types can be used as parameters or return type by member functions.
| Sr.No. | Member types | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | value_type | T (First parameter of the template) |
| 2 | allocator_type | Alloc (Second parameter of the template) |
| 3 | reference | value_type& |
| 4 | const_reference | const value_type& |
| 5 | pointer | value_type* |
| 6 | const_pointer | const value_type* |
| 7 | iterator | a random access iterator to value_type |
| 8 | const_iterator | a random access iterator to const value_type |
| 9 | reverse_iterator | std::reverse_iterator <iterator> |
| 10 | const_reverse_iterator | std::reverse_iterator <const_iterator> |
| 11 | size_type | size_t |
| 12 | difference_type | ptrdiff_t |
Functions from <deque>
Below is list of all methods from <deque> header.
Constructors
| Sr.No. | Method & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | deque::deque default constructor Constructs an empty deque with zero element. |
| 2 | deque::deque fill constructor
construct a new deque with n elements and assign val to each element of deque |
| 3 | deque::deque range constructor
Constructs a deque with as many elements as in range of first to last. |
| 4 | deque::deque copy constructor
Constructs a deque with copy of each elements present in existing container. |
| 5 | deque::deque move constructor
Constructs a deque with the contents of other using move semantics. |
| 6 | deque::deque initializer list constructor
Constructs a deque from initialize list. |
Destructor
| Sr.No. | Method & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | deque::~deque
Destroys deque object by deallocating it”s memory. |
Member functions
| Sr.No. | Method & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | deque::assign
Assign new values to the deque elements by replacing old ones. |
| 2 | deque::at
Returns reference to the element present at location n in the deque. |
| 3 | deque::back
Returns a reference to the last element of the deque. |
| 4 | deque::begin
Return a random access iterator pointing to the first element of the deque. |
| 5 | deque::cbegin
Returns a constant random access iterator which points to the beginning of the deque. |
| 6 | deque::cend
Returns a constant random access iterator which points to the beginning of the deque. |
| 7 | deque::clear
Destroys the deque by removing all elements from the deque and sets size of deque to zero. |
| 8 | deque::crbegin
Returns a constant reverse iterator which points to the reverser beginning of the container. |
| 9 | deque::crend
Returns a constant reverse iterator which points to the reverse end of the deque. |
| 10 | deque::emplace
Extends container by inserting new element at position. |
| 11 | deque::emplace_back
Inserts new element at the end of deque. |
| 12 | deque::emplace_front
Inserts new element at the beginning of deque. |
| 13 | deque::empty
Tests whether deque is empty or not. |
| 14 | deque::end
Returns an iterator which points to past-the-end element in the deque container. |
| 15 | deque::erase
Removes single element from the the deque. |
| 16 | deque::front
Returns a reference to the first element of the deque |
| 17 | deque::get_allocator
Returns an allocator associated with deque |
| 18 | deque::insert
Extends container by inserting new element in the deque. |
| 19 | deque::max_size
Returns the maximum number of elements can be held by deque. |
| 20 | deque::operator=
Assign new contents to the deque by replacing old ones and modifies size if necessary. |
| 21 | deque::operator[]
Returns a reference to the element present at location n. |
| 22 | deque::pop_back
Removes last element from deque and reduces size of deque by one. |
| 23 | deque::pop_front
Removes first element from deque and reduces size of deque by one. |
| 24 | deque::push_back
Inserts new element at the end of deque and increases size of deque by one. |
| 25 | deque::push_front
Inserts new element at the front of deque and increases size of deque by one. |
| 26 | deque::rbegin
Returns a reverse iterator which points to the last element of the deque. |
| 27 | deque::rend
Returns a reverse iterator which points to the reverse end of the deque. |
| 28 | deque::resize
Changes the size of deque. |
| 29 | deque::shrink_to_fit
Requests the container to reduce it”s capacity to fit its size. |
| 30 | deque::size
Returns the number of elements present in the deque. |
| 31 | deque::swap
Exchanges the content of deque with contents of another deque. |
Non-member overloaded functions
| Sr.No. | Method & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | operator==
Tests whether two deques are equal or not. |
| 2 | operator!=
Tests whether two deques are equal or not. |
| 3 | operator<
Tests whether first deque is less than other or not. |
| 4 | operator<=
Tests whether first deque is less than or equal to other or not. |
| 5 | operator>
Tests whether first deque is greater than other or not. |
| 6 | operator>=
Tests whether first deque is greater than or equal to other or not. |
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