MathML – Useful Resources ”; Previous Next The following resources contain additional information on MathML. Please use them to get more in-depth knowledge on this. HTML5 Online Training 17 Lectures 1.5 hours Tutorialspoint More Detail HTML5 Course From Basics To Advanced 55 Lectures 13 hours Programming Line More Detail Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;
MathML – Padding ”; Previous Next <mpadded> element is used to add padding, or extra space, around its content. It can be used to adjust size and positioning e.g. negative padding,which can cause the content of mpadded to overlap the rendering of neighboring content. Syntax Here is the simple syntax to use this tag − <mpadded> expression </mpadded> Parameters Here is the description of all the parameters of this tag − expression − inferred mrow of multiple children. Attributes Here is the description of all the attributes of this tag − height − To sets or increment the height of the mpadded element. depth − To sets or increment the depth of the mpadded element. width − To sets or increment the width of the mpadded element. lspace − To sets the horizontal space of the child content. voffset − To sets the vertical space of the child content. Examples Example 1 Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mpadded lspace = “0.2em” voffset = “0.3ex”> <mi>y</mi> </mpadded> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </math> Output x y z Example 2 Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mpadded width = “+90%width” height = “+0.3ex” depth = “+0.3ex”> <mi>y</mi> </mpadded> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </math> Output x y z Example 3 Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mpadded lspace = “0.3em” width = “+0.6em”> <mi>y</mi> </mpadded> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </math> Output x y z Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;
MathML – Subscript-Superscript ”; Previous Next <msubsup> tag is used to attach both subscript and superscript to an expression. Syntax Here is the simple syntax to use this tag − <msubsup> base subscript superscript</msubsup> Parameters Here is the description of all the parameters of this tag − base − base expression on which the subscript and superscript is to be drawn. subscript − subscript. superscript − superscript. Attributes Here is the description of all the attributes of this tag − subscriptshift − To specify the minimum space to shift the subscript below the baseline of the expression. superscriptshift − To specify the minimum space to shift the superscript above the baseline of the expression. Example Let”s draw a subscript and superscript. Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo> ∫</mo> <mn> 0 </mn> <mn> 1 </mn> </msubsup> <mrow> <msup> <mi> e</mi> <mi> x </mi> </msup> <mo> </mo> <mrow> <mi> d</mi> <mi> x </mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </math> Output ∫ 0 1 e x d x Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;
MathML – Radicals ”; Previous Next msqrt and mroot elements construct radicals. The msqrt element constructs square roots, while the mroot element constructs radicals with indices, for example a cube root. <msqrt> element <msqrt> tag is used to draw square root. Syntax Here is the simple syntax to use this tag − <msqrt> base </msqrt> Parameters Here is the description of all the parameters of this tag − base − base expression on which the square root is to be drawn. Attributes Here is the description of all the attributes of this tag − mathbackground − To specify the background color. Valid formats are #rgb, #rrggbb and html color names. mathcolor − To specify the text color. Valid formats are #rgb, #rrggbb and html color names. Example Let”s draw a square root. Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <msqrt> <mn>4</mn> </msqrt> </math> Output 4 <mroot> element <mroot> tag is used to draw radicals with indices. Syntax Here is the simple syntax to use this tag − <mroot> base index </mroot> Parameters Here is the description of all the parameters of this tag − base − base expression on which the square root is to be drawn. index − index of the root to be drawn. Attributes Here is the description of all the attributes of this tag − mathbackground − To specify the background color. Valid formats are #rgb, #rrggbb and html color names. mathcolor − To specify the text color. Valid formats are #rgb, #rrggbb and html color names. Example Let”s draw a cube root. Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <mroot> <mn>8</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mroot> </math> Output 8 3 Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;
MathML – Underscript-Overscript ”; Previous Next <munderover> tag is used to draw both over and under underscript. It adds an accent or a limit over and under an expression. Syntax Here is the simple syntax to use this tag − <munderover> base underscript overscript </munderover> Parameters Here is the description of all the parameters of this tag − base − base expression on which the underscript is to be drawn. underscript − underscript. overscript − overscript. Attributes Here is the description of all the attributes of this tag − accent − If true, over-script is an accent, and is drawn closer to the base expression. If false, over-script is a limit over the base expression. Default is false. accentunder − If true, under-script is an accent, and is drawn closer to the base expression. If false, under-script is a limit over the base expression. Default is false. align − To specify the alignment of the under-script. Valid are: left, center, and right. Default is center. Example Let”s draw an underscript. Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <mrow> <munderover> <mo> ∫</mo> <mn> 0 </mn> <mi> ∞</mi> </munderover> </mrow> </math> Output ∫ 0 ∞ Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;
MathML – Style ”; Previous Next <mstyle> tag is used to make style changes that affect the rendering of its contents. Syntax Here is the simple syntax to use this tag − <mstyle> expression </mstyle> Parameters Here is the description of all the parameters of this tag − expression − inferred mrow elements. Attributes Here is the description of all the attributes of this tag − scriptlevel − To specify the scriptlevel for the children. Without a sign, it sets scriptlevel to the specified value; With a sign it increments (“+”) or decrements (“-“) the current value. displaystyle − To specify the displaystyle. scriptsizemultiplier − To specify the multiplier to be used to adjust font size due to changes in scriptlevel. scriptminsize − To specify the minimum font size allowed due to changes in scriptlevel. infixlinebreakstyle − To specify he default linebreakstyle to use for infix operators. decimalpoint − To specify the character used to determine the alignment point within <mstack> and <mtable> columns when the “decimalpoint” value is used to specify the alignment. Default is ”.”. Examples Example 1: Without <mstyle> tag Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <mrow> <mo maxsize = “100%”> ( </mo> <mfrac> <mi> a </mi> <mi> b </mi> </mfrac> <mo maxsize = “100%”> ) </mo> </mrow> </math> Output ( a b ) Example 2: Using <mstyle> tag Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <mstyle maxsize = “100%”> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mfrac> <mi> a </mi> <mi> b </mi> </mfrac> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </math> Output ( a b ) Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;
MathML – Matrices ”; Previous Next <mtable> tag is used to draw matrices. Syntax mtable is similar to table tag of HTML and this tag uses mtr, mtd elements which are similar to tr and td tags of HTML. <mtable> <mtr> <mtd></mtd></mtr></mfrac> Attributes Here is the description of all the attributes of this tag − align − To specify the vertical alignment of the table . Valid values are: axis, baseline, bottom, center, top. Default is axis. class, id, style − Used with stylesheets. columnalign − To specify the horizontal alignment of the cells. Valid values are: left, center and right. Default is center. columnlines − To specify column borders. Valid values are: none, solid and dashed. Default is none. columnspacing − To specify the space between table columns. displaystyle − If true more vertical space is used for displayed equations , if false, a more compact layout is used to display formulas. frame − To specify borders of the entire table. Valid values are: none, solid and dashed. Default is none. framespacing − To specify additional space added between the table and frame. href − To specify a hyperlink to a specified uri. mathbackground − To specify the background color. Valid formats are #rgb, #rrggbb and html color names. mathcolor − To specify the text color. Valid formats are #rgb, #rrggbb and html color names. rowalign − To specify vertical alignment of the cells. Valid values are axis, baseline, bottom, center and top. Default is baseline rowlines − To specify row borders. Valid values are: none, solid and dashed. Default is none. width − To specify width of the entire table. Example Let”s draw a 3 x 3 metric. Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd> <mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd> <mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd> <mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd> <mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd> <mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd> <mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </math> Output [ 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 ] Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;
MathML – Algebra Symbols ”; Previous Next Following is a list of Algebra symbols available in MathML. MathML Symbol HTML Entity Hex Code Description – − − To specify subtraction × × × To specify multiplication ÷ ÷ ÷ To specify division ≠ ≠ ≠ To specify not equals ≈ ≈ ≈ To specify approximately equals < < < To specify less than ≤ ≤ ≤ To specify less than or equals > > > To specify greater than ≥ ≥ ≥ To specify greater than or equal ± ± ± To specify plus or minus ∝ ∝ ∝ To specify proportional to ∑ ∑ ∑ To specify summation ∏ ∏ ∏ To specify product ⌊ ⌊ ⌊ To specify left floor ⌋ ⌋ ⌋ To specify right floor ⌈ ⌈ ⌈ To specify left ceiling ⌉ ⌉ ⌉ To specify right ceiling Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;
MathML – Phantom ”; Previous Next <mphantom> element renders invisibly keeping same size and other dimensions, including baseline position, as its contents would have if they were rendered normally. It is used to align parts of an expression by invisibly duplicating sub-expressions. Syntax Here is the simple syntax to use this tag − <mphantom> expression </mphantom> Parameters Here is the description of all the parameters of this tag − expression − inferred mrow of multiple children. Attributes Here is the description of all the attributes of this tag − mathbackground − To specify the background color. Valid formats are #rgb, #rrggbb and html color names. Examples Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi> x </mi> <mo> + </mo> <mi> y </mi> <mo> + </mo> <mi> z </mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi> x </mi> <mphantom> <mo> + </mo> </mphantom> <mphantom> <mi> y </mi> </mphantom> <mo> + </mo> <mi> z </mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </math> Output x + y + z x + y + z Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;
MathML – Basic Elements ”; Previous Next There are five basic elements of a MathML expression. <math> element − It is top or root level element and is used to encapsulate each instance of MathML instance. Every valid MathML expression should be wrapped in outer <math> tag. It can contain any number of child elements. One math element cannot contain another math element tag. <mrow> element − It is used to group any number of sub expressions in horizontal way. <mi> element − It is used to specify an identifier such as name of a variable, function or a constant etc. For example, <mi>PI</mi> . <mo> element − It is used to specify an operator like +, – etc. For example, <mo>+</mo>. <mn> element − It is used to specify a numerical literal like 3.14 etc. For example, <mn>3.14</mn>. Example Let”s build a simple mathematical equation a + b = 5 using MathML notation. Step 1: Identification Here a, b are variables. + is an operator and 5 is a number. We”ll enclose them as <mi>a</mi> , <mi>b</mi>, <mo>+</mo> and <mn>+</mn> Step 2: Build Expression, a + b. Syntax Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </math> Output a + b Step 3: Build Expression, a + b = 5. Live Demo <math xmlns = “http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”> <mrow> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </math> Output a + b = 5 Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;