Category: obiee

OBIEE – Multiple Logical Table Sources ”; Previous Next When you drag and drop a column from a physical table that is not currently being used in your logical table in BMM layer, the physical table containing such column gets added as a new Logical Table Source (LTS). When in BMM layer, you use more than one table as source table, it is called multiple logical table sources. You can have a Fact table as multiple logical table sources when it uses different physical tables as source. Example Multiple LTS are used to convert Snowflakes schema to Star schemas in BMM layer. Let us say you have two dimensions − Dim_Emp and Dim_Dept and one fact table FCT_Attendance in the Physical layer. Here your Dim_Emp is normalized to Dim_Dept to implement Snowflakes schema. So in your Physical diagram, it would be like this − Dim_Dept<——Dim_Emp <——-FCT_Attendance When we move these table to the BMM layer, we will create a single dimension table Dim_Employee with 2 logical sources corresponding to Dim_Emp and Dim_Dept. In your BMM diagram − Dim_Employee <———–FCT_Attendance This is one approach where you can use concept of multiple LTS in BMM layer. Specifying Content When you use multiple physical tables as sources, you expand table sources in BMM diagram. It shows all multiple LTS from where it is picking up the data in BMM layer. To see table mapping in BMM layer, expand the sources under logical table in BMM layer. It will open Logical table source mapping dialogue box. You can check all tables which are mapped to provide data in logical table. Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;

OBIEE – Business Layer ”; Previous Next Business Layer defines the business or logical model of objects and their mapping between business model and Schema in the physical layer. It simplifies the Physical Schema and maps the user business requirement to physical tables. The business model and mapping layer of OBIEE system administration tool can contain one or more business model objects. A business model object defines the business model definitions and the mappings from logical to physical tables for the business model. The business model is used to simplify the schema structure and maps the users’ business requirement to physical data source. It involves creation of logical tables and columns in the business model. Each logical table can have one or more physical objects as sources. There are two categories of logical tables − fact and dimension. Logical fact tables contain the measures on which analysis is done and Logical dimension tables contain the information about measures and objects in Schema. While creating a new repository using OBIEE administration tool, once you define the physical layer, create joins and identify foreign keys. The next step is to create a business model and mapping BMM layer of the repository. Steps involved in defining Business Layer − Create a business model Examine logical joins Examine logical columns Examine logical table sources Rename logical table objects manually Rename logical table objects using the rename wizard and delete unnecessary logical object Creating measures (Aggregations) Create Business Layer in the Repository To create a business layer in the repository, right-click → New Business Model → Enter the name of Business Model and click OK. You can also add description of this Business Model if you want. Logical Tables and Objects in BMM Layer Logical tables in OBIEE repository exist in the Business Model and Mapping BMM layer. The business model diagram should contain at least two logical tables and you need to define relationships between them. Each logical table should have one or more logical columns and one or more logical table sources associated with it. You can also change the logical table name, reorder the objects in logical table and define logical joins using primary and foreign keys. Create Logical Tables Under BMM Layer There are two ways of creating logical tables/objects in BMM layer − First method is dragging physical tables to Business Model which is the fastest way of defining logical tables. When you drag the tables from the physical layer to BMM layer, it also preserves the joins and keys automatically. If you want you can change the joins and keys in logical tables, it doesn’t affect objects in the physical layer. Select physical tables/alias tables under the physical layer that you want to add to Business Model Layer and drag those table under BMM layer. These tables are known as logical tables and columns are called Logical objects in Business Model and Mapping Layer. Second method is to create a logical table manually. In the Business Model and Mapping layer, right-click the business model → Select New Object → Logical Table → Logical Table dialog box appears. Go to General tab → Enter name for the logical table → Type a description of the table → Click OK. Create Logical Columns Logical columns in BMM layer are automatically created when you drag tables from the physical layer to the business model layer. If the logical column is a primary key, this column is displayed with the key icon. If the column has an aggregation function, it is displayed with a sigma icon. You can also reorder logical columns in the Business Model and Mapping layer. Create a Logical Column In BMM layer, right-click on logical table → select New Object → Logical Column → Logical Column dialog box will appear, click General tab. Type a name for the logical column. The name of the business model and the logical table appear in the “Belongs to Table” field just below column name → click OK. You can also apply Aggregations on the logical columns. Click Aggregation tab → Select Aggregation rule from the dropdown list → Click OK. Once you apply Aggregate function on a column, logical column icon is changed to show Aggregation rule is applied. You can also move or copy logical column in tables − In the BMM layer, you can select multiple columns to move. In the Sources for moved columns dialog box, in the Action area, select an action. If you select Ignore, no logical source will be added in the Sources folder of the table. If you click on Create new, a copy of the logical source with the logical column will be created in the Sources folder. If you select Use existing option, from the drop-down list, you must select a logical source from the Sources folder of the table. Create Logical Complex Joins / Logical Foreign Keys Logical tables in BMM layer are joined to each other using logical joins. Cardinality is one of the key defining parameter in logical joins. Cardinality relation one-to-many means that each row in first logical dimension table there are 0, 1, many rows in second logical table. Conditions to Create Logical Joins Automatically When you drag all the tables of the physical layer to business model layer, logical joins are automatically created in Repository. This condition rarely happens only in case of simple business models. When logical joins are same as physical joins, they are automatically created. Logical joins in BMM layer are created in two ways − Business Model Diagram (already covered while designing repository) Joins Manager Logical joins in BMM layer cannot be specified using expressions or columns on which to create the join like in the physical layer where expressions and column names are shown on which physical joins are defined. Create Logical Joins/Logical Foreign keys Using Join Manager Tool First let us see how to create logical foreign keys using Join Manager. In the Administration Tool toolbar, go

OBIEE – Components ”; Previous Next OBIEE components are mainly divided into two types of components − Server Components Client Components Server components are responsible to run OBIEE system and client components interact with user to create reports and dashboards. Server Components Following are the server components − Oracle BI (OBIEE) Server Oracle Presentation Server Application Server Scheduler Cluster Controller Oracle BI Server This component is the heart of OBIEE system and is responsible to communicate with other components. It generates queries for report request and they are sent to database for execution. It is also responsible for managing repository components which are presented to the user for report generation, handles security mechanism, multi user environment, etc. OBIEE Presentation Server It takes the request from users via browser and passes all requests to OBIEE server. OBIEE Application Server OBIEE Application Server helps to work on client components and Oracle provides Oracle10g Application server with OBIEE suite. OBIEE Scheduler It is responsible to schedule jobs in OBIEE repository. When you create a repository, OBIEE also create a table inside the repository which saves all schedule-related information. This component is also mandatory to run agents in 11g. All jobs which are scheduled by the Scheduler can be monitored by the job manager. Client Components Following are some client components − Web-based OBIEE Client Following tools are provided in OBIEE web-based client − Interactive Dashboards Oracle Delivers BI Publisher BI Presentation Service Administrator Answers Disconnected Analytics MS Office Plugin Non-Web based Client In Non-Web based client, following are the key components − OBIEE Administration − It is used to build repositories and has three layers − Physical, Business, and Presentation. ODBC Client − It is used to connect to database and execute SQL commands. Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;

OBIEE – Schema ”; Previous Next Schema is a logical description of the entire database. It includes the name and description of records of all types including all associated data-items and aggregates. Much like a database, DW also requires to maintain a schema. Database uses relational model, while DW uses Star, Snowflake, and Fact Constellation schema (Galaxy schema). Star Schema In a Star Schema, there are multiple dimension tables in de-normalized form that are joined to only one fact table. These tables are joined in a logical manner to meet some business requirement for analysis purpose. These schemas are multidimensional structures which are used to create reports using BI reporting tools. Dimensions in Star schemas contain a set of attributes and Fact tables contain foreign keys for all dimensions and measurement values. In the above Star Schema, there is a fact table “Sales Fact” at the center and is joined to 4 dimension tables using primary keys. Dimension tables are not further normalized and this joining of tables is known as Star Schema in DW. Fact table also contains measure values − dollar_sold and units_sold. Snowflakes Schema In a Snowflakes Schema, there are multiple dimension tables in normalized form that are joined to only one fact table. These tables are joined in a logical manner to meet some business requirement for analysis purpose. Only difference between a Star and Snowflakes schema is that dimension tables are further normalized. The normalization splits up the data into additional tables. Due to normalization in the Snowflake schema, the data redundancy is reduced without losing any information and therefore it becomes easy to maintain and saves storage space. In above Snowflakes Schema example, Product and Customer table are further normalized to save storage space. Sometimes, it also provides performance optimization when you execute a query that requires processing of rows directly in normalized table so it doesn’t process rows in primary Dimension table and comes directly to Normalized table in Schema. Granularity Granularity in a table represents the level of information stored in the table. High granularity of data means that data is at or near the transaction level, which has more detail. Low granularity means that data has low level of information. A fact table is usually designed at a low level of granularity. This means that we need to find the lowest level of information that can be stored in a fact table. In date dimension, the granularity level could be year, month, quarter, period, week, and day. The process of defining granularity consists of two steps − Determining the dimensions that are to be included. Determining the location to place the hierarchy of each dimension of information. Slowly Changing Dimensions Slowly changing dimensions refer to changing value of an attribute over time. It is one of the common concepts in DW. Example Andy is an employee of XYZ Inc. He was first located in New York City in July 2015. Original entry in the employee lookup table has the following record − Employee ID 10001 Name Andy Location New York At a later date, he has relocated to LA, California. How should XYZ Inc. now modify its employee table to reflect this change? This is known as “Slowly Changing Dimension” concept. There are three ways to solve this type of problem − Solution 1 The new record replaces the original record. No trace of the old record exists. Slowly Changing Dimension, the new information simply overwrites the original information. In other words, no history is kept. Employee ID 10001 Name Andy Location LA, California Benefit − This is the easiest way to handle the Slowly Changing Dimension problem as there is no need to keep track of the old information. Disadvantage − All historical information is lost. Use − Solution 1 should be used when it is not required for DW to keep track of historical information. Solution 2 A new record is entered into the Employee dimension table. So the employee, Andy, is treated as two people. A new record is added to the table to represent the new information and both the original and new record will be present. The new record gets its own primary key as follows − Employee ID 10001 10002 Name Andy Andy Location New York LA, California Benefit − This method allows us to store all the historical information. Disadvantage − Size of the table grows faster. When the number of rows for the table is very high, space and performance of table can be a concern. Use − Solution 2 should be used when it is necessary for DW to keep historical data. Solution 3 The original record in Employee dimension is modified to reflect the change. There will be two columns to indicate the particular attribute, one indicates original value and other indicates the new value. There will also be a column that indicates when the current value becomes active. Employee ID Name Original Location New Location Date Moved 10001 Andy New York LA, California July 2015 Benefits − This does not increase the size of the table, since new information is updated. This allows us to keep historical information. Disadvantage − This method doesn’t keep all history when an attribute value is changed more than once. Use − Solution 3 should only be used when it is required for DW to keep information of historical changes. Normalization Normalization is the process of decomposing a table into less redundant smaller tables without losing any information. So Database normalization is the process of organizing the attributes and tables of a database to minimize data redundancy (duplicate data). Purpose of Normalization It is used to eliminate certain types of data (redundancy/ replication) to improve consistency. It provides maximum flexibility to meet future information needs by keeping tables corresponding to object types in their simplified forms. It produces a clearer and readable data model. Advantages Data integrity. Enhances data consistency. Reduces data redundancy and space required. Reduces update cost. Maximum flexibility

OBIEE – Architecture ”; Previous Next OBIEE Architecture involves various BI system components which are required to process the end user’s request. How OBIEE System Actually Works? The initial request from the end user is sent to the Presentation server. The Presentation server converts this request in logical SQL and forwards it to BI server component. BI server converts this into physical SQL and sends it to database to get the required result. This result is presented to the end user through the same way. The following diagram shows detailed OBIEE Architecture − OBIEE Architecture contains Java and non-Java components. Java components are Web Logic Server components and non-Java components are called Oracle BI system component. Web Logic Server This part of OBIEE system contains Admin Server and Managed Server. Admin server is responsible for managing the start and stop processes for Managed server. Managed Server comprises of BI Plugin, Security, Publisher, SOA, BI Office, etc. Node Manager Node Manager triggers the auto start, stop, restart activities and provides process management activities for Admin and Managed server. Oracle Process Manager and Notification Server (OPMN) OPMN is used to start and stop all components of BI system. It is managed and controlled by Fusion Middleware Controller. Oracle BI System Components These are non-Java components in an OBIEE system. Oracle BI Server This is the heart of Oracle BI system and is responsible for providing data and query access capabilities. BI Presentation Server It is responsible to present data from BI server to web clients which is requested by the end users. Scheduler This component provides scheduling capability in BI system and it has its own scheduler to schedule jobs in OBIEE system. Oracle BI Java Host This is responsible for enabling BI Presentation server to support various Java tasks for BI Scheduler, Publisher and graphs. BI Cluster Controller This is used for load balancing purposes to ensure that the load is evenly assigned to all BI server processes. Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;

OBIEE – Basics ”; Previous Next OBIEE stands for Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition, a set of Business Intelligence tools and is provided by Oracle Corporation. It enables the user to deliver robust set of reporting, ad-hoc query and analysis, OLAP, dashboard, and scorecard functionality with a rich end-user experience that includes visualization, collaboration, alerts and many more options. Key Points OBIEE provides robust reporting which makes data easier for business users to access. OBIEE provides a common infrastructure for producing and delivering enterprise reports, scorecards, dashboards, ad-hoc analysis, and OLAP analysis. OBIEE reduces cost with a proven web-based service-oriented architecture that integrates with existing IT infrastructure. OBIEE enables the user to include rich visualization, interactive dashboards, a vast range of animated charting options, OLAP-style interactions, innovative search, and actionable collaboration capabilities to increase the user adoption. These capabilities enable your organization to make better decisions, take informed actions, and implement more-efficient business processes. Competitors in the Market The main competitors of OBIEE are Microsoft BI tools, SAP AG Business Objects, IBM Cognos and SAS Institute Inc. As OBIEE enables the user to create interactive dashboards, robust reports, animated charts and also because of its cost-effectiveness, it is widely used by many companies as one of main tool for Business Intelligence solution. Advantages of OBIEE OBIEE provides various types of visualizations to insert in dashboards to make it more interactive. It allows you to create flash reports, report templates, and ad-hoc reporting for end users. It provides close integration with major data sources and can also be integrated with third party vendors like Microsoft to embed data in PowerPoint presentations and word documents. Following are the key features and benefits of OBIEE tool − Features Key Benefits of OBIEE Interactive Dashboards Provides fully interactive dashboards and reports with a rich variety of visualizations Self-serve Interactive Reporting Enable business users to create new analyses from scratch or modify existing analyses without any help from IT Enterprise Reporting Allows the creation of highly formatted templates, reports, and documents such as flash reports, checks, and more Proactive Detection and Alerts provides a powerful, near-real-time, multi-step alert engine that can trigger workflows based on business events and notify stakeholders via their preffered medium and channel Actionable Intelligence Turns insights into actions by providing the ability to invoke business processes from within the business intelligence dashboards and reports Microsoft Office Integration Enables users to embed up-to-the-minute corporate data in Microsoft PowerPoint, word, and Excel documents Spatial Intelligence via Map-based Visualizations Allows users to visualize their analytics data using maps, bringing the intuitiveness of spatial visualization to the world of business intelligence How to Sign in to OBIEE? To sign into OBIEE, you can use web URL, user name and password. To sign into Oracle BI Enterprise Edition − Step 1 − In the Web browser address bar, enter URL to access OBIEE. The “Sign In page” is displayed. Step 2 − Enter your user name and password → Select the language (You can change the language by selecting another language in the User Interface Language field in the My Account dialog Preferences tab”) → Click on Sign In tab. It will take you to the next page as per configuration: OBIEE homepage as shown in the following image or to My Dashboard page/Personal Dashboard or a Dashboard specific to your job role. Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;