Category: basics Of Computer Science

Hardware and Software ”; Previous Next The following table highlights the points that differentiate a hardware from a software. Hardware Software It is the physical component of a computer system. It is the programming language that makes hardware functional. It has the permanent shape and structure, which cannot be modified. It can be modified and reused, as it has no permanent shape and structure. The external agents such as dust, mouse, insects, humidity, heat, etc. can affect the hardware (as it is tangible). The external agents such as dust, mouse, insects, humidity, heat, etc. cannot affect (as it is not tangible). It works with binary code (i.e., 1’s to 0’s) . It functions with the help of high level language like COBOL, BASIC, JAVA, etc. It takes in only machine language, i.e., lower level language. It takes in higher level language, easily readable by a human being. It is not affected by the computer bug or virus. It is affected by the computer bug or virus. It cannot be transferred from one place to other electronically. It can transfer from one place to other electronically. Duplicate copy of hardware cannot be created. A user can create copies of a software as many as he wishes. Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;

Operating System ”; Previous Next An operating system is the fundamental basis of all other application programs. Operating system is an intermediary between the users and the hardware. Operating system controls and coordinates the use of hardware among application programs. The major services of an operating system are − Memory management Disk access Creating user interface Managing the different programs operating parallel Likewise, it controls and manage the hardware’s working Applications of Operating System Following are the major applications of an operating system − An operating system is accountable for the formation and deletion of files and directories. An operating system manages the process of deletion, suspension, resumption, and synchronization. An operating system manages memory space by allocation and de-allocation. An operating system stores, organizes, and names and protects the existing files. Further, an operating system manages all the components and devices of the computers system including modems, printers, plotters, etc. In case, if any device fails, the operating system detects and notify. An operating system protects from destruction as well as from unauthorized use. An operating system facilitates the interface to user and hardware. Types of Operating System Following are the major types of operating system − Disk Operating System (DOS) Windows Operating System Unix Operating System Let us now discuss each operating system in detail. Disk Operating System MS-DOS is one of the oldest and widely used operating system. DOS is a set of computer programs, the major functions of which are file management, allocation of system resources, providing essential features to control hardware devices. DOS commands can be typed in either upper case or lower case. Features of DOS Following are the significant features of DOS − It is a single user system. It controls program. It is machine independence. It manages (computer) files. It manages input and output system. It manages (computer) memory. It provides command processing facilities. It operates with Assembler. Types of DOS Commands Following are the major types of DOS Command − Internal Commands − Commands such as DEL, COPY, TYPE, etc. are the internal commands that remain stored in computer memory. External Commands − Commands like FORMAT, DISKCOPY, etc. are the external commands and remain stored on the disk. Windows Operating System The operating system window is the extension of the disk operating system. It is the most popular and simplest operating system; it can be used by any person who can read and understand basic English, as it does not require any special training. However, the Windows Operating System requires DOS to run the various application programs initially. Because of this reason, DOS should be installed into the memory and then window can be executed. Elements of Windows OS Following are the significant element of Windows Operating System (WOS) − Graphical User Interface Icons (pictures, documents, application, program icons, etc.) Taskbar Start button Windows explorer Mouse button Hardware compatibility Software compatibility Help, etc. Versions of Windows Operating System Following are the different versions of Windows Operating System − Version Year Version Year Window 1.01 1985 Windows XP Professional x64 2005 Windows NT 3.1 1993 Windows Vista 2007 Windows 95 1995 Windows 7 2009 Windows 98 1998 Windows 8 2012 Windows 2000 2000 Windows 10 2015 Windows ME 2000 Windows Server 2016 2016 Windows XP 2001 Unix Operating System The Unix Operating System is the earliest operating system developed in 1970s. Let us consider the following points relating to the Unix Operating System − It is an operating system that has multitasking features. It has multiuser computer operating systems. It runs practically on every sort of hardware and provides stimulus to the open source movement. It has comparative complex functionality and hence an untrained user cannot use it; only the one who has taken training can use this system. Another drawback of this system is, it does not give notice or warn about the consequences of a user’s action (whether user’s action is right or wrong). Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;