Category: Big Data & Analytics

Advanced Excel Charts – Quick Guide ”; Previous Next Advanced Excel Charts – Introduction You are aware that charts are the efficient data visualization means to convey the results. In addition to the chart types that are available in Excel, some widely used application charts are popular. In this tutorial, you will learn about these advanced charts and how you can create them in Excel. Types of Advanced Charts Following are the advanced charts that you will learn in this tutorial − Waterfall Chart Band Chart Gantt Chart Thermometer Chart Gauge Chart Bullet Chart Funnel Chart Waffle Chart Heat Map Step Chart Box and Whisker Chart Histogram Pareto Chart Organization Chart Advanced Charts in Brief We will see all the advanced charts briefly. Waterfall Chart A Waterfall chart is a form of data visualization that helps in understanding the cumulative effect of sequentially introduced positive or negative values. Band Chart A Band chart is a Line chart with added shaded areas to display the upper and lower boundaries of the defined data ranges. Gantt Chart A Gantt chart is a chart in which a series of horizontal lines depicting tasks, task duration and task hierarchy are used planning and tracking projects. Thermometer Chart A Thermometer chart keeps track of a single task, for e.g. completion of work, representing the current status as compared to a Target. It displays the percentage of the task completed, taking Target as 100%. Gauge Chart Gauge charts, also referred to as Dial charts or Speedometer charts, use a pointer or a needle to show information as a reading on a dial. Bullet Chart Bullet charts support the comparison of a measure to one or more related measures with a linear design. Funnel Chart Funnel chart is used to visualize the progressive reduction of data as it passes from one phase to another in a process. Waffle Chart Waffle chart is a 10 × 10 cell grid with the cells colored as per conditional formatting to portray a percent value such % work complete. Heat Map A Heat Map is a visual representation of data in a Table to highlight the data points of significance. Step Chart A Step chart is a Line chart that uses vertical and horizontal lines to connect the data points in a series, forming a step-like progression. Box and Whisker Chart Box and Whisker charts, also referred to as Box Plots are commonly used in statistical analysis. In a Box and Whisker chart, numerical data is divided into quartiles and a box is drawn between the first and third quartiles, with an additional line drawn along the second quartile to mark the median. The minimums and maximums outside the first and third quartiles are depicted with lines, which are called whiskers. Whiskers indicate variability outside the upper and lower quartiles, and any point outside the whiskers is considered as an outlier. Histogram A Histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data and is widely used in Statistical Analysis. A Histogram is represented by rectangles with lengths corresponding to the number of occurrences of a variable in successive numerical intervals. Pareto Chart Pareto chart is widely used in Statistical Analysis for decision-making. It represents the Pareto principle, also called 80/20 Rule, which states that 80% of the results are due to 20% of the causes. Organization Chart An Organization chart graphically represents the management structure of an organization. Though some of these charts are included in Excel 2016, Excel 2013 and earlier versions do not have them as built-in charts. In this tutorial, you will learn how to create these charts from the built-in chart types in Excel. Methodology for Creating Advanced Excel Charts For each of the advanced charts mentioned above, you will learn how to create them in Excel with the following steps − Prepare data for the chart − Your input data might have to be put in a format that can be used to create the chart at hand. Hence, for each of the charts you will learn how to prepare the data. Create the chart − You will learn step by step how you can arrive at the chart, with illustrations. Advanced Excel – Waterfall Chart Waterfall chart is one of the most popular visualization tools used in small and large businesses, especially in Finance. Waterfall charts are ideal for showing how you have arrived at a net value such as net income, by breaking down the cumulative effect of positive and negative contributions. What is a Waterfall Chart? A Waterfall chart is a form of data visualization that helps in understanding the cumulative effect of sequentially introduced positive or negative values. A typical Waterfall chart is used to show how an initial value is increased and decreased by a series of intermediate values, leading to a final value. In a Waterfall chart, the columns are color coded so that you can quickly tell positive from negative numbers. The initial and the final value columns start on the horizontal axis, while the intermediate values are floating columns. Because of this look, Waterfall charts are also called Bridge charts, Flying Bricks charts or Cascade charts. Advantages of Waterfall Charts A Waterfall chart has the following advantages − Analytical purposes − Used especially for understanding or explaining, the gradual transition in the quantitative value of an entity, which is subjected to increment or decrement. Quantitative analysis − Used in quantitative analysis ranging from inventory analysis to performance analysis. Tracking contracts − Starting with the number of contracts at hand at the beginning of the year, taking into account − The new contracts that are added The contracts that got cancelled The contracts that are finished, and Finally ending with the number of contracts at hand at the end of the year. Tracking performance of company over a given number of years. In general, if you have an initial value, and changes (positive and negative) occur to that value over a period of

Advanced Excel – Band Chart ”; Previous Next Suppose you have data across a time period to represent graphically, confiding each data point to a defined interval. For example, you might have to present customer survey results of a product from different regions. Band chart is suitable for this purpose. What is Band Chart? A Band chart is a Line chart with added shaded areas to display the upper and lower boundaries of the defined data ranges. The shaded areas are the Bands. Band chart is also referred to as Range chart, High-Low Line chart or Corridor chart. Advantages of Band Charts Band chart is used in the following scenarios − Monitoring a metric within standard defined bands. Profit % for each of the regions (represented by Line chart) and bands with defined intervals in the range 0% – 100%. Performance measurements of an employee or company responses to client’s complaints. Monitoring Service Tickets- Responded service tickets as line and the throughput time as bands. Preparation of Data You need to prepare the data that can be used to create a Band chart from the given input data. Step 1 − Consider the following data that you have from the customer survey for two regions – East and West across the financial year April – March. Suppose you want to compare this data across three intervals − Low (<50%). Medium (50% – 80%). High (>80%). Step 2 − Add three columns to the above table as shown below. As you can observe, the values in the column Low are 50%, denoting the band 0% – 50% and the values in the column Medium are 30%, denoting the bandwidth of Medium above the band Low. Similarly the values in the column High are 20%, denoting the band width of High above the band Low. Use this data to create a Band chart. Creating a Band Chart Follow the steps given below to create a Band chart − Step 1 − Select the data in the above table. Step 2 − Insert a Combo chart. Step 3 − Click on Change Chart Type. Change the chart types for the data series as follows − Line with Markers for East series and West series. Stacked Column for the series – Low, Medium and High. Your chart looks as shown below. Step 4 − Click one of the Columns. Step 5 − Change Gap Width to 0% in the Format Data Series pane. You will get Bands instead of Columns. Step 6 − Make the chart appealing − Add Chart Title. Adjust Vertical Axis range. Change the colors of the bands to Green-Yellow-Red. Add Data Labels to bands. The result is a Band chart with defined boundaries depicted by bands. The survey results are represented across the bands. One can quickly and clearly make out from the chart whether the survey results are satisfactory or they need attention. Your Band chart is ready. Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;

Advanced Excel Charts – Histogram ”; Previous Next A Histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data. It is widely used in Statistical Analysis. Karl Pearson introduced histogram. In Excel, you can create a Histogram from the Analysis ToolPak that comes as an add-in with Excel. However, in such a case, when the data is updated, Histogram will not reflect the changed data unless it is modified through Analysis ToolPak again. In this chapter, you will learn how to create a Histogram from a Column chart. In this case, when the source data is updated the chart also gets refreshed. What is a Histogram? A Histogram is represented by rectangles with lengths corresponding to the number of occurrences of a variable in successive numerical intervals. The numerical intervals are called bins and the number of occurrences is called frequency. The bins are usually specified as consecutive, non-overlapping intervals of the variable. The bins must be adjacent and are of equal size. A rectangle over a bin with height proportional to the frequency of the bin depicts the number of cases in that bin. Thus, the horizontal axis represents the bins whereas the vertical axis represents the frequency. The rectangles are colored or shaded. A Histogram will be as shown below. Advantages of Histograms Histogram is used to inspect the data for its underlying distribution, outliers, skewness, etc. For example, Histogram can be used in statistical analysis in the following scenarios − A census of a country to obtain the people of various age groups. A survey focused on the demography of a country to obtain the literacy levels. A study on the effect of tropical diseases during a season across different regions in a state. Preparation of Data Consider the data given below. Create bins and calculate the number of values in each bin from the above data as shown below − The number of values in a bin is referred to as the frequency of that bin. This table is called a Frequency table and we will use it to create the Histogram. Creating a Histogram Following are the steps to create a Histogram. Step 1 − Select the data in the Frequency table. Step 2 − Insert a Clustered Column chart. Step 3 − Right click on the Columns and select Format Data Series from the dropdown list. Step 4 − Click SERIES OPTIONS and change the Gap Width to 0 under SERIES OPTIONS. Step 5 − Format the chart as follows. Click on Fill & Line. Click on Solid Line under Border. Select black for color. Type 1.5 for Width. Step 6 − Adjust the size of the chart. Your Histogram is ready. As you can observe, the length of each column corresponds to the frequency of that particular bin. Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;

Advanced Excel – Waffle Chart ”; Previous Next Waffle chart adds beauty to your data visualization, if you want to display work progress as percentage of completion, goal achieved vs Target, etc. It gives a quick visual cue of what you want to portray. Waffle chart is also known as Square Pie chart or Matrix chart. What is a Waffle Chart? Waffle chart is a 10 × 10 cell grid with the cells colored as per conditional formatting. The grid represents values in the range 1% – 100% and the cells will be highlighted with the conditional formatting applied to the % values they contain. For example, if the percentage of completion of work is 85%, it is portrayed by formatting all the cells that contain values <= 85% with a specific color, say green. Waffle chart looks as shown below. Advantages of Waffle Chart Waffle chart has the following advantages − It is visually interesting. It is very readable. It is discoverable. It does not distort the data. It provides visual communication beyond simple data visualization. Uses of Waffle Chart The Waffle chart is used for completely flat data that adds up to 100%. The percentage of a variable is highlighted to give the depiction by the number of cells that are highlighted. It can be used for various purposes, including the following − To display the percentage of work that is complete. To display the percentage of progress that is made. To depict the expenses incurred as against the budget. To display Profit %. To portray the actual value achieved as against the set target, say in sales. To visualize the company progress as against the goals that are set. To display the pass percentage in an exam in a college / city/ state. Creating a Waffle Chart Grid For the Waffle Chart, you need to first create the 10 × 10 Grid of square cells such that the Grid itself will be a square. Step 1 − Create a 10 × 10 square grid on an Excel sheet by adjusting the cell widths. Step 2 − Fill the cells with % values, starting with 1% in the left-bottom cell and ending with 100% in the right-top cell. Step 3 − Decrease the font size such that all the values are visible but do not change the shape of the grid. This is the grid that you will use for the Waffle chart. Creating a Waffle Chart Suppose you have the following data − Step 1 − Create a Waffle chart that displays the Profit% for the Region East by applying Conditional Formatting to the Grid you have created as follows − Select the Grid. Click Conditional Formatting on the Ribbon. Select New Rule from the drop down list. Define the Rule to format values <= 85 % (give the cell reference of the Profit %) with fill color and font color as dark green. Step 2 − Define another rule to format values > 85 % (give the cell reference of the Profit %) with fill color and font color as light green. Step 3 − Give the Chart Title by giving reference to the cell B3. As you can see, choosing the same color for both Fill and Font enable you not to display the %values. Step 4 − Give a Label to the chart as follows. Insert a Text box in the chart. Give the reference to the cell C3 in the Text box. Step 5 − Color the cell borders white. Your Waffle chart for the Region East is ready. Create Waffle charts for the Regions, i.e. North, South and West as follows − Create the Grids for North, South and West as given in the previous section. For each Grid, apply conditional formatting as given above based on the corresponding Profit % value. You can also make Waffle charts for different regions distinctly, by choosing a variation in the colors for Conditional Formatting. As you can see, the colors chosen for the Waffle charts on the right are varying from the colors chosen for the Waffle charts on the left. Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;

Advanced Excel – Gauge Chart ”; Previous Next A Gauge is a device for measuring the amount or size of something, for example, fuel/rain/temperature gauge. There are various scenarios where a Gauge is utilized − To Gauge the temperature of a person, a thermometer is used. To Gauge the speed of an automotive, a speedometer is used. To Gauge the performance of a student, a mark sheet is used. Gauge charts came into usage to visualize the performance as against a set goal. The Gauge charts are based on the concept of speedometer of the automobiles. These have become the most preferred charts by the executives, to know at a glance whether values are falling within an acceptable value (green) or the outside acceptable value (red). What is a Gauge Chart? Gauge charts, also referred to as Dial charts or Speedometer charts, use a pointer or a needle to show information as a reading on a dial. A Gauge Chart shows the minimum, the maximum and the current value depicting how far from the maximum you are. Alternatively, you can have two or three ranges between the minimum and maximum values and visualize in which range the current value is falling. A Gauge chart looks as shown below − Advantages of Gauge Charts Gauge charts can be used to display a value relative to one to three data ranges. They are commonly used to visualize the following − Work completed as against total work. Sales compared to a target. Service tickets closed as against total service tickets received. Profit compared to the set goal. Disadvantages of Gauge Charts Though the Gauge charts are still the preferred ones by most of the executives, there are certain drawbacks with them. They are − Very simple in nature and cannot portray the context. Often mislead by omitting key information, which is possible in the current Big Data visualization needs. They waste space in case multiple charts are to be used. For example, to display information regarding different cars on a single dashboard. They are not color-blind friendly. For these reasons Bullet charts, introduced by Stephen Few are becoming prominent. The data analysts find Bullet charts to be the means for data analysis. Creating a Gauge Chart You can create Gauge charts in two ways − Creating a simple Gauge chart with one value − This simple Gauge chart is based on a Pie chart. Creating a Gauge chart with more number of Ranges − This Gauge chart is based on the combination of a Doughnut chart and a Pie chart. Simple Gauge Chart with One Value We will learn how to prepare the data and create a simple Gauge chart with single value. Preparation of Data Consider the following data − Step 1 − Create data for Gauge chart as shown below. Step 2 − The data will look as follows − You can observe the following − C7 contains the value corresponding to C2. C5 has 100% to represent half of the Pie chart. C6 has a value to make C6 and C7 to be 100% that makes second half of the Pie chart. Creating a Simple Gauge Chart Following are the steps to create a simple Gauge chart with one value − Step 1 − Select the data – C5:C7. Step 2 − Insert a Pie chart. Step 3 − Right click on the chart. Step 4 − Select Format Data Series from the dropdown list. Step 5 − Click SERIES OPTIONS. Step 6 − Type 90 in the box – Angle of first slice. As you can observe, the upper half of the Pie chart is what you will convert to a Gauge chart. Step 7 − Right click on the bottom Pie slice. Step 8 − Click on Fill. Select No Fill. This will make the bottom Pie slice invisible. You can see that the Pie slice on the right represents the Profit %. Step 9 − Make the chart appealing as follows. Change the Fill colors of the Pie slices. Click on the right Pie slice, select 3-D FORMAT as Top bevel, and choose Angle. Click on the left Pie slice, select 3-D FORMAT as Top bevel, and choose Divot. Click on the right Pie slice, select 1% as Point Explosion under SERIES OPTIONS. Click on the right Pie slice and add Data Label. Size and Position the Data Label. Deselect Legend in Chart Elements. Give the chart Title as Profit % and Position it. Your Gauge chart is ready. Gauge Chart with Multiple Ranges Now let us see how to make a gauge chart with more ranges. Preparation of Data Arrange the data for values as given below. This data will be used for Doughnut chart. Arrange the data for Pointer as given below. You can observe the following − The value in the cell C8 is the value you want display in the Gauge chart. The value in the cell C9 is the Pointer size. You can take it as 5 for brevity in formatting and later change to 1, to make it a thin pointer. The value in the cell C10 is calculated as 200 – (C8+C9). This is to complete the Pie chart. Creating Gauge Chart with Multiple Ranges You can create the Gauge chart with a Doughnut chart showing different regions corresponding to different Values and a Pie chart denoting the pointer. Such a Gauge chart looks as follows − Step 1 − Select the values data and create a Doughnut chart. Step 2 − Double click on the half portion of the Doughnut chart (shown in yellow color in the above chart). Step 3 − Right click and under the Fill category, select No Fill. Step 4 − Deselect Chart Title and Legend from Chart Elements. Step 5 − Right click on the chart and select Format Data Series. Step 6 − Type 271 in the box – Angle of first slice in the SERIES OPTIONS in the

Advanced Excel Charts – Heat Map ”; Previous Next Heat Map is normally used to refer to the colored distinction of areas in a two dimensional array, with each color associated with a different characteristic shared by each area. In Excel, Heat Map can be applied to a range of cells based on the values that they contain by using cell colors and/or font colors. Excel Conditional Formatting comes handy for this purpose. What is a Heat Map? A Heat Map is a visual representation of data in a table to highlight the data points of significance. For example, if you have month wise data on sale of products over the last one year, you can project in which months a product has high or low sales. A Heat Map looks as shown below. Advantages of Heat Maps Heat Map can be used to visually display the different ranges of data with distinct colors. This is very useful when you have large data sets and you want to quickly visualize certain traits in the data. Heat maps are used to − Highlight the top few and the bottom few of a range of values. Portray a trend in the values by using color shades. Identify blank cells – say in an answer sheet or a questionnaire. Highlight the quality ranges of the products. Highlight the numbers in supply chain. Highlight negative values. Highlight zero values. Highlight outliers defined by thresholds. Preparation of Data Arrange the data in a table. As you can see, the data is for a fiscal year, April – March, month-wise for each product. You can create a Heat Map to quickly identify during what months the sales were high or low. Creating a Heat Map Following are the steps to create a Heat Map − Step 1 − Select the data. Step 2 − Click Conditional Formatting on the Ribbon. Click Manage Rules and add rules as shown below. The top five values are colored with green (fill) and the bottom five values are colored with red (fill). Creating Heat Map without Displaying Values At times, the viewers might be just be interested in the information and the numbers might not be necessary. In such a case, you can do a bit of formatting as follows − Step 1 − Select the data and select the font color as white. As you can see, the numbers are not visible. Next, you need to highlight the top five and bottom five values without displaying the numbers. Step 2 − Select the data (which is not visible, of course). Step 3 − Apply Conditional Formatting such that the top five values are colored with green (both fill and font) and the bottom five values are colored with red (both fill and font). Step 4 − Click the Apply button. This gives a quick visualization of high and low sales across the year and across the products. As you have chosen the same color for both fill and font, the values are not visible. Print Page Previous Next Advertisements ”;