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Testing is the process of checking the functionality of an application to ensure it runs as per requirements. Unit testing comes into picture at the developers’ level; it is the testing of single entity (class or method). Unit testing plays a critical role in helping a software company deliver quality products to its customers.
Unit testing can be done in two ways − manual testing and automated testing.
| Manual Testing | Automated Testing |
|---|---|
| Executing a test cases manually without any tool support is known as manual testing. | Taking tool support and executing the test cases by using an automation tool is known as automation testing. |
| Time-consuming and tedious − Since test cases are executed by human resources, it is very slow and tedious. | Fast − Automation runs test cases significantly faster than human resources. |
| Huge investment in human resources − As test cases need to be executed manually, more testers are required in manual testing. | Less investment in human resources − Test cases are executed using automation tools, so less number of testers are required in automation testing. |
| Less reliable − Manual testing is less reliable, as it has to account for human errors. | More reliable − Automation tests are precise and reliable. |
| Non-programmable − No programming can be done to write sophisticated tests to fetch hidden information. | Programmable − Testers can program sophisticated tests to bring out hidden information. |
What is JUnit ?
JUnit is a unit testing framework for Java programming language. It plays a crucial role test-driven development, and is a family of unit testing frameworks collectively known as xUnit.
JUnit promotes the idea of “first testing then coding”, which emphasizes on setting up the test data for a piece of code that can be tested first and then implemented. This approach is like “test a little, code a little, test a little, code a little.” It increases the productivity of the programmer and the stability of program code, which in turn reduces the stress on the programmer and the time spent on debugging.
Features of JUnit
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JUnit is an open source framework, which is used for writing and running tests.
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Provides annotations to identify test methods.
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Provides assertions for testing expected results.
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Provides test runners for running tests.
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JUnit tests allow you to write codes faster, which increases quality.
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JUnit is elegantly simple. It is less complex and takes less time.
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JUnit tests can be run automatically and they check their own results and provide immediate feedback. There”s no need to manually comb through a report of test results.
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JUnit tests can be organized into test suites containing test cases and even other test suites.
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JUnit shows test progress in a bar that is green if the test is running smoothly, and it turns red when a test fails.
What is a Unit Test Case ?
A Unit Test Case is a part of code, which ensures that another part of code (method) works as expected. To achieve the desired results quickly, a test framework is required. JUnit is a perfect unit test framework for Java programming language.
A formal written unit test case is characterized by a known input and an expected output, which is worked out before the test is executed. The known input should test a precondition and the expected output should test a post-condition.
There must be at least two unit test cases for each requirement − one positive test and one negative test. If a requirement has sub-requirements, each sub-requirement must have at least two test cases as positive and negative.
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