#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
   cout << "Size of char : " << sizeof(char) << endl;
   cout << "Size of int : " << sizeof(int) << endl;
   cout << "Size of short int : " << sizeof(short int) << endl;
   cout << "Size of long int : " << sizeof(long int) << endl;
   cout << "Size of float : " << sizeof(float) << endl;
   cout << "Size of double : " << sizeof(double) << endl;
   cout << "Size of wchar_t : " << sizeof(wchar_t) << endl;
   
   return 0;
}

This example uses endl, which inserts a new-line character after every line and << operator is being used to pass multiple values out to the screen. We are also using sizeof() operator to get size of various data types.

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result which can vary from machine to machine −

Size of char : 1
Size of int : 4
Size of short int : 2
Size of long int : 4
Size of float : 4
Size of double : 8
Size of wchar_t : 4

Following is another example:

#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
using namespace std;

int main() {

    std::cout << "Int Min " << std::numeric_limits<int>::min() << endl;
    std::cout << "Int Max " << std::numeric_limits<int>::max() << endl;
    std::cout << "Unsigned Int  Min " << std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::min() << endl;
    std::cout << "Unsigned Int Max " << std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max() << endl;
    std::cout << "Long Int Min " << std::numeric_limits<long int>::min() << endl;
    std::cout << "Long Int Max " << std::numeric_limits<long int>::max() << endl;

    std::cout << "Unsigned Long Int Min " << std::numeric_limits<unsigned  long int>::min() <<endl;
    std::cout << "Unsigned Long Int Max " << std::numeric_limits<unsigned  long int>::max() << endl;

}

typedef Declarations

You can create a new name for an existing type using typedef. Following is the simple syntax to define a new type using typedef −

typedef type newname; 

For example, the following tells the compiler that feet is another name for int −

typedef int feet;

Now, the following declaration is perfectly legal and creates an integer variable called distance −

feet distance;

Enumerated Types

An enumerated type declares an optional type name and a set of zero or more identifiers that can be used as values of the type. Each enumerator is a constant whose type is the enumeration.

Creating an enumeration requires the use of the keyword enum. The general form of an enumeration type is −

enum enum-name { list of names } var-list; 

Here, the enum-name is the enumeration”s type name. The list of names is comma separated.

For example, the following code defines an enumeration of colors called colors and the variable c of type color. Finally, c is assigned the value “blue”.

enum color { red, green, blue } c;
c = blue;

By default, the value of the first name is 0, the second name has the value 1, and the third has the value 2, and so on. But you can give a name, a specific value by adding an initializer. For example, in the following enumeration, green will have the value 5.

enum color { red, green = 5, blue };

Here, blue will have a value of 6 because each name will be one greater than the one that precedes it.