As mentioned earlier, the outer testproj folder contains testproj and test packages. In addition, it has other files used to describe, run, and test the application. These files are −

• MANIFEST.in contains list of files to be included in a source distribution of the package.

• development.ini is a PasteDeploy configuration file that can be used to execute your application during development.

• production.ini is a PasteDeploy configuration file that can be used to execute your application in a production configuration.

• pytest.ini is a configuration file for running tests.

• setup.py is the standard Setuptools setup.py file used to test and distribute the application.

• testing.ini is a configuration file used to execute the application”s tests.

The “.ini” files are the configurations used by Cookiecutter utility to generate the Pyramid application structure. These filesuse a system called PasteDeploy, which has been developed by Ian Bicking. This library is installed automatically along with Pyramid.

Although a Pyramid application can be developed without PasteDeploy support, it gives a standardized way of starting, debugging and testing the application.

The predefined settings are read from the configuration files (with .ini extension). These files contain mainly the application configuration settings, server settings and logging settings.

development.ini

As shown earlier, the Pyramid application built with Cookiecutter is invoked by the following command −

pserve development.ini

The development.ini contains the PasteDeploy configuration specifications of the application. The configuration specifications in this file are having various sections such as [app:main], [server:main], [loggers] etc.

The most important section id [app:main]. It specifies the starting point of the application.

[app:main]
use = egg:testproj

pyramid.reload_templates = true
pyramid.debug_authorization = false
pyramid.debug_notfound = false
pyramid.debug_routematch = false
pyramid.default_locale_name = en
pyramid.includes = pyramid_debugtoolbar
   
sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:///%(here)s/testproj.sqlite

retry.attempts = 3

The very first entry “use = egg:testproj” indicates the name of the Pyramid WSGI application object main. It is declared in the __init__.py file of the textproj package (inside the testproj project folder). This section contains other startup time configuration settings.

For instance, the “pyramid.includes” setting specifies the packages to be included in the runtime. In the above example, the debugtoolbar package is included so that the debug panel gets activated when the Pyramid logo is clicked. We have seen its functioning in the earlier section.

We also see that the URL of the database to be used in this application has also been specified.

The [server:main] section specifies the configuration of a WSGI server which listens on TCP port 6543. It is configured to listen on localhost only (127.0.0.1).

[server:main]
use = egg:waitress#main
listen = localhost:6543

Other various logging related sections use Python”s logging library. These “.ini” file sections are passed to the logging module”s config file configuration engine.

production.ini

This file used to serve the application instead of the “development.ini” when the application is deployed in the production mode. Both these files are similar. However, in “production.ini”, the debug toolbar is disabled, the reload options are disabled and turns off the debugging options.

Here”s a stripped-down version of typical “production.ini” file −

[app:main]
use = egg:testproj
pyramid.reload_templates = false
pyramid.debug_authorization = false
pyramid.debug_notfound = false
pyramid.debug_routematch = false
pyramid.default_locale_name = en
sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:///%(here)s/testproj.sqlite
retry.attempts = 3
[pshell]
setup = testproj.pshell.setup
[alembic]
script_location = testproj/alembic
file_template = %%(year)d%%(month).2d%%(day).2d_%%(rev)s
[server:main]
use = egg:waitress#main
listen = *:6543
[loggers]
keys = root, testproj, sqlalchemy, alembic
[handlers]
keys = console
[formatters]
keys = generic
[logger_root]
level = WARN
handlers = console
[logger_testproj]
level = WARN
handlers =
qualname = testproj
[logger_sqlalchemy]
level = WARN
handlers =
qualname = sqlalchemy.engine
[logger_alembic]
level = WARN
handlers =
qualname = alembic
[handler_console]
class = StreamHandler
args = (sys.stderr,)
level = NOTSET
formatter = generic
[formatter_generic]
format = %(asctime)s %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s:%(lineno)s][%(threadName)s] %(message)s