India’s first nuclear program started in 1967. On May 18, 1974, India conducted its first nuclear weapon test. The first fusion weapon test on May 13, 1998.

India has signed and ratified two treaties, i.e., Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention. India has also taken the membership of the Missile Technology Control Regime and is also a subscribing state to The Hague Code of Conduct.

Biological Warfare of India

Consider the following points relating to the Biological Warfare of India.

• India is one of the ratifying members of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) and it also pledged to abide by its obligations.

• India possesses the scientific and technological capability to create a biological weapon, but there is as such no plan to do so.

• In one of the speeches, the former President Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam emphasized that “India will not make biological weapons, as is cruel to human beings”.

Chemical Warfare of India

Consider the following points relating to the chemical warfare of India −

• India is capable enough to produce chemical weapons, but it chooses not to do so.

• India has signed and ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), stating that it does not intend to manufacture chemical weapons.

• In 1997, India had stock of chemical weapons, i.e., about 1045 tonnes of Sulphur mustard, but by the end of 2006, India has destroyed more than 70 percent of its stocked chemical materials and also promised to destroy the remaining.

Nuclear-armed Ballistic Missiles

The following table lists down the major nuclear-armed ballistic missiles of India −

Sea-based Nuclear-Armed Ballistic Missiles

The following table lists down the major sea-based nuclear-armed ballistic missiles of India −